May Nasser Bin-Jumah  Muhammad Shahid Nadeem  Sadaf Jamal Gilani  Fahad A. Al-Abbasi  Inam Ullah  Sami I. Alzarea  Mohammed M. Ghoneim  Sultan Alshehri  Aziz Uddin  Bibi Nazia Murtaza  Imran Kazmi 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(3)

Aging is a complex process indicated by low energy levels, declined physiological activity, stress induced loss of homeostasis leading to the risk of diseases and mortality. Recent developments in medical sciences and an increased availability of nutritional requirements has significantly increased the average human lifespan worldwide. Several environmental and physiological factors contribute to the aging process. However, about 40% human life expectancy is inherited among generations, many lifespan associated genes, genetic mechanisms and pathways have been demonstrated during last decades. In the present review, we have evaluated many human genes and their non-human orthologs established for their role in the regulation of lifespan. The study has included more than fifty genes reported in the literature for their contributions to the longevity of life. Intact genomic DNA is essential for the life activities at the level of cell, tissue, and organ. Nucleic acids are vulnerable to oxidative stress, chemotherapies, and exposure to radiations. Efficient DNA repair mechanisms are essential for the maintenance of genomic integrity, damaged DNA is not replicated and transferred to next generations rather the presence of deleterious DNA initiates signaling cascades leading to the cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. DNA modifications, DNA methylation, histone methylation, histone acetylation and DNA damage can eventually lead towards apoptosis. The importance of calorie restriction therapy in the extension of lifespan has also been discussed. The role of pathways involved in the regulation of lifespan such as DAF-16/FOXO (forkhead box protein O1), TOR and JNK pathways has also been particularized. The study provides an updated account of genetic factors associated with the extended lifespan and their interactive contributory role with cellular pathways.  相似文献   

    

Weiwei Zhao  Shuang Cai  Xin Wei  Ting Zheng  Xin Xu  Amina Zafar  Hongwei Liu  Ting Yu  Junpeng Lu  Yunfei Chen  Zhenhua Ni 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(36):2103140

The thinnest light disk is demonstrated at the atomic level by developing an erasable method to directly write encrypted information onto WS₂ monolayers. The write-in is realized by precise control of photoluminescence emission by means of ozone functionalization and scanning focused laser beam. The visual decryption and reading-out of information are enabled by fluorescence contrast. The high encryption level is ensured by the threshold power upon which the data deletion will be triggered. Owing to the high spatial resolution and power sensitivity, the storage capacity within < 1 nm thickness can be up to ≈ 62.5 MB cm⁻², and the writing speed can reach ≈ 6.25 MB s⁻¹. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the disk formatting is realized by ozone molecule adsorption induced localized unoccupied states, while the read-in relies on the passivation of defects via substitution of the sulfur vacancies with oxygen atoms. The results of this study promote data storage and encryption on the atomic scale.  相似文献   

    

Raja Fawad Zafar  Muhammad Riaz 《Quality and Reliability Engineering International》2020,36(5):1708-1715

The memory-type control charts are quite efficient in monitoring small and moderate shifts in process parameters. These charts, such as exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), face the problem of inertia due to the time dependence of statistics. This issue could be solved to some extent using a break at regular/irregular intervals in plotting statistics. We have proposed this method by introducing a break feature at regular intervals, to handle the inertia problem, and found it quite useful for memory control charts. A comparative analysis of the proposal with some existing charts is also part of the study.  相似文献   

    

Sumreen Dawood  Mushtaq Ahmad  Muhammad Zafar  Muhammad I. Ali  Khalid Ahmad  Shazia Sultana  Anwer Usma  Moona Nazish  Maryam A. Butt  Fethi A. Ozdemir  Omer Kilic 《Microscopy research and technique》2020,83(2):165-175

Exploration of substitute energy feed‐stocks is the much‐debated topic in the scientific society due to increasing power crises and related ecological concerns. As a source of sustainable energy, biodiesel turns out to be the best alternative to petro fuels. In this context, nonedible oil‐producing seeds might be a potential source for biodiesel production owing to their environment‐friendly nature and cost‐effectiveness. The current study, consequently, deals with the investigation and identification of micro‐morphological characters between six novel nonedible oil‐bearing seeds employing scanning electron microscopy as possible biodiesel feed‐stocks. Light microscopic examinations show that seed size varies from 0.3 to 1.3 cm in width and 0.5 to 1.5 cm in. Additionally, a large difference in seed color ranges from dark brown, black, and various shades of light brown was also witnessed. The FFA content of the seeds ranges in 0.3–4.1 mg KOH/g, and the seed oil content fall in 30–65% (w/w) range. SEM‐mediated seed ultrastructure investigations displays greater variation in seed size, shape, color, periclinal wall shape, and sculpturing and so on. All the seeds differ from rounded, ovoid, ovate, oblong, flattened, and elliptical shape. Greater variation in seed wall structure has been seen from angular, entire, irregular, straight, elongated, smooth, and polygonal. The periclinal wall arrangements show alteration from flat, depressed, elevated, smooth, pentagonal, bullate, and coarse seed margins. The results obtained from the current study suggest that scanning electron microscopy could be a beneficial tool in vitalizing the hidden micromorphological characters among various nonedible oil producing seeds, which eventually helps in exploration, correct identification, seed classification, and authentication in future.  相似文献   

    

Sana Ayaz  Mushtaq Ahmad  Muhammad Zafar  Muhammad I. Ali  Shazia Sultana  Muhammad Raza Ul Mustafa  Omer Kilic  Duygu N. obanolu  Azize Demirpolat  Abdul Ghani  Rabia Afza  Khalid Ahmad  Mamoona Munir  Nomana Kalsoom  Jamil Raza 《Microscopy research and technique》2020,83(3):239-248

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Abida Bano  Sofia Rashid  Mushtaq Ahmad  Ghulam R. Bhatti  Ghulam Yaseen  Farida Anjum  Sidra N. Ahmed  Muhammad Zafar  Maliha Asma  Shazia Sultana  Muhammad Adeel  Fethi A. Ozdemir  Omer Kilic 《Microscopy research and technique》2020,83(6):579-588

The study was conducted to highlight a detailed account of morphology of pollen chosen species of Lamiaceae through scanning electron microscopy, and the anatomical characteristics of leaf epidermis of seven species using simple light microscopy. In results, Anisomeles indica and Otostegia aucheri belong to subfamily Lamioideae because it has tricolpate pollen while the rest eight species belong to subfamily Nepetoideae (hexacolpate pollen). The exine sculpturing of pollen of studied species was found to be reticulate. In the family Lamiaceae, four kinds of stomata were found anomocytic, anisocytic, diacytic, and actinocytic, respectively. The cell wall patterns of epidermal cells were irregular or polygonal with straight or undulate walls. It was noted that the variety of the epidermal trichomes seems of taxonomically important for the identification of species of Lamiaceae. Both nonglandular and glandular trichomes were analyzed. The nonglandular trichomes were characterized with long, thin, and pointed apical unicellular cells. The nonglandular trichomes were A‐shaped in Thymus linearis. In Perovskia abrotanoides, stellate glandular trichomes were observed whereas in A. indica and Mentha royleana both glandular and nonglandular trichomes were found. In A. indica, the nonglandular trichomes were sessile and peltate in M. royleana. For the first time in this study, pollen and foliar micromorphological features of selected species of this area are carried out. These taxonomic characters were found to be important in discrimination of species from each other. In future, the detailed study with comprehensive morphology coupled with other important characters is required for delimitation of taxa at various levels.  相似文献   

    

Sofia Rashid  Muhammad Zafar  Mushtaq Ahmad  Muhammad Ibrar Shinwari  Ghulam Yaseen  Shazia Sultana  Rabia Asma Memon  Syeda Alia Zehra  Puto Agus Hendra Wibawa 《Microscopy research and technique》2019,82(6):731-740

The study is aimed to provide a comprehensive account on authentication of herbal drug named as Tukhm‐e‐balango (Lallemantia royleana Benth.) from the seeds of Ocimum basilicum by using microscopic, pharmacognostic, and phytochemical characterization. The crude medicinal plants and their parts are often adulterated or substituted in market due to improper identification by the consumers while among herbal plant sellers, taxonomic confusion is caused due to morphological similarities of the plant parts and lack of a standard identification system.In microscopy, both herbarium and fresh specimens were studied using qualitative and quantitative morphological characteristics of leaves, seeds, and pollen. For pharmacognosy, solubility, fluorescence, and physicochemical characterizers were analyzed whereas a total phenolic and flavonoids contents was determined in addition to DPPH radical scavenging activity. In current study, microscopic, pharmacognostic, and phytochemical characterization clearly differentiated L. royleana from O. basilicum. The major problem in herbal drug industry is caused due to confusion and controversy of certain synonyms used for more than one or two drugs. Sometimes, under the same common or local name, entirely different taxa are being sold in herbal markets. It is concluded that correct and proper identification of medicinal plants is very crucial to ensure the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines, as many medicinal plants are intentionally or unintentionally adulterated with similar species or varieties. In herbal market, the seeds of L. royleana are adulterated with seeds of O. basilicum due to their similar morphology.  相似文献   

    

Mamoona Munir  Mushtaq Ahmad  Amir Waseem  Muhammad Zafar  Muhammad Saeed  Aneela Wakeel  Moona Nazish  Shazia Sultana 《Microscopy research and technique》2019,82(7):1165-1173

Currently, exploration of alternative energy resources is hotly debated among the scientific community owing to rising energy crises and environmental issues. Biodiesel, as renewable energy source proves to be a better option and substitute to petro diesel. In this regard, nonedible seeds could be a better feedstock for synthesizing biodiesel due to their cost effectiveness and environmental friendly attributes. The present study, therefore, deals with the exploration and identification of micromorphologic features among eight novel nonedible oil yielding seeds via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as potential feedstock for biodiesel industry. Light microscopic studies revealed that seeds size vary from 0.1–2.9 cm in length to 0.1–3 cm in width. Moreover, a great variation in seed color from black, green, and different shades of brown was also observed. Seeds ultra‐structure examination by SEM exhibit great variation in seed shape, size, color, sculpturing and periclinal wall shape and arrangement and so on. All the understudy seeds vary from rounded, irregular, subspherical, ellipsoidal, reniform, flattened, polygonal, ovate, pyriform, oblong, and globose shape. Seeds wall structure exhibits great variation from entire, angular, straight, irregular, polygonal, smooth, and elongated. The periclinal wall pattern exhibits variation from flat to slightly concave‐convex with straight, angular, undulate, or dentate seeds margin. Among the studied species only Argemone ochroleuca Linn. (Papaveraceae) possess micropylar peak, ridged raphe, and basal helium. The obtained results from the present study would therefore, suggest that SEM could be a useful tool in refreshing the veiled micromorphological features among different oil yielding seeds which in turn helps the researchers for their correct identification, exploration, authentication, and seeds classification in future.  相似文献   

    

Saeeda Naz  Muhammad Zafar  Mushtaq Ahmad  Rabia A. Memon  Shazia Sultana  Saraj Bahadur  Fethi A. Ozdemir  Zafar Siddiq  Muhammad A. Shah 《Microscopy research and technique》2019,82(9):1410-1418

This was the first comprehensive pollen micromorphological investigation of lactiferous flora (Apocynaceae) of District Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The pollen morphology of 10 species of the family Apocynaceae was observed and documented using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen was found subspheroidal in shape in most of the species, however peroblate shape was noted in Vinca major. Exine sculpturing patterns (psilate, rugulate, scabrate, and microreticulate) were observed. The result indicated that exine ornamentation of Apocynaceae taxa is systematically informative at generic and species levels. Most of the species have tricolporate type pollen but tetraporate pollen was also observed in Trachelospermum jasminoides and tetracolpate in V. major. Minimum equatorial diameter was noted in Carissa edulis (27.13 μm) and maximum in V. major (108.25 μm). Similarly, maximum exine thickness was found in Cascabela thevetia (9.5 μm). In the present findings, the pollen morphological data are compared with available other pollen studies to evaluate the taxonomic value of pollen traits in Apocynaceae taxa by using multiple microscopic techniques. Furthermore, molecular and phylogenetic studies were recommended to strengthen the systematics of Apocynaceae taxa.  相似文献   

    

Saeed ur Rahman  Shujaul Mulk Khan  Muhammad Zafar  Mushtaq Ahmad  Raees Khan  Sajad Hussain  Muhammad Khalid  Sadaf‐Ilyas Kayani 《Microscopy research and technique》2019,82(9):1593-1600

Due to overlapping and diverse morphological characters, Berberis is among the most taxonomically complex genera. Palynology is one of the taxonomic tools for delimitation and identification of complex species. In this study, pollens of 10 Berberis species were analyzed through light and scanning electron microscopy. Qualitative as well as quantitative features (pollen shape, size, presence or absence of colpi, colpi length and width, exine thickness, ornamentation, pollen class, aperture, and polar–equatorial ratio) were measured. Five species were observed to have colpate (pantocolpate) with elongated ends, radially symmetrical, isopolar, monads, and psilate‐regulate pollens. In polar view, six pollen were spheroidal, two were ovoid, one spherical, and one oblate. Similarly, variation in pollen length was prominent and the largest pollen on polar view was recorded for B. psodoumbellata 60–65 μm (62.4 ± 0.9), while the smallest one was observed for B. lycium 29–35 μm (32.2 ± 1). The observed variation in both quantitative and qualitative features were important in taxonomic identification. This shows that palynological characters are helpful in identification of Berberis genus at the species level.  相似文献