石家庄市室内氡及其子体浓度

本文报道了用双滤膜法对石家庄市室内空气中氡及其子体浓度的调查结果。47个房间室内氡年平均浓度为17.0Bq·m~(-3),氡子体平均浓度是7.14Bq·m~(-3)。氡及其子体浓度的日变化是清晨4—8时出现峰值。季节变化是夏秋季低,冬季高,全年的最低值出现在8月,最高值出现在11月。     

油田放射性作业人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的观察

本文调查了油田212例受γ射线和中子混合辐射照射的作业人员和30例正常人的外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变。作业人员受γ射线照射的人均年受照剂量为1.28mGy。调查结果表明,放射性测井人员与正常人相比染色体畸变率有显著差异。     

悬浮床加氢裂化油溶性催化剂与沥青质的作用

在高压釜反应器中对添加了油溶性 Ni 催化剂(UPC-O)和水溶性 Ni 催化剂(UPC-W)的辽河稠油常压渣油(LHAR)进行了悬浮床加氢裂化实验。通过元素分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析对抑制反应生焦效果好的 UPC-O 与 LHAR 沥青质的作用进行了研究。元素分析结果显示,在 LHAR 中加入 UPC-O1000μg/g,沥青质和脱沥青质油中 Ni 含量分别出476μg/g和110μg/g 增加到7 559μg/g 和1 024μg/g,表明 UPC-O 在沥青质中有富集的趋势。FTIR 表征结果显示,UPC-O 和沥青质发生了相互作用。UPC-O 可在沥青质原位硫化为活性组分,对沥青质在悬浮床加氢裂化反应中的缩合起到好的抑制作用。     

Nickel and chromium cycles: Stocks and flows project part IV

Nickel and chromium are essential ingredients in alloys increasingly important for energy-efficient, environmentally friendly modern technology. Quantitative assessment of the flows of these metals through the world economy from resource extraction to final disposal informs resource policy, energy planning, environmental science, and waste management. This article summarizes the worldwide technological cycles of nickel and chromium in 2000. Stainless steel is the major use of these metals, but they serve numerous other special needs, as in superalloys for high-temperature service, as plating materials, and in coinage. Because they are used primarily in alloys, novel recycling issues arise as their use becomes more widespread. “... the great New York and St. Louis double track, nickel plated railroad...” — Norwalk, Ohio, Chronicle 10 March 1881 announces arrival of surveyors for the future Nickel Plate Railway “Later [1911] I formed an alloy of Iron and Chromium, which showed remarkable resistance to rust and tarnish ... [It was] rediscovered by an Englishman named Brearley, in 1914.” —Elwood Haynes to Stephen F. Roberts, 17 January 1925     

Influence of the silicon surface treatment by plasma etching and scratching on the nucleation of diamond grown in HFCVD - a comparative study

A comparative study for the nucleation of diamond was carried out using surface treatment like (i) surface scratching with 1 μm diamond paste and (ii) surface etching using chlorine plasma at different RF powers (50, 100 and 150 W). Atomic force microscopic study shows variation in roughness from 31 nm to 110 nm. Scratching results in random scratches, whereas plasma etches a surface uniformly. Scanning electron microscopic observations show well faceted crystallites with a predominance of angular shaped grains corresponding to 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 crystallite surfaces for the scratched as well as plasma etched substrate. Surface etching at 150 W plasma power results in a better growth in comparison with 50 and 100 W plasma powers. Chlorine-radical is found responsible for the changes in the growth morphology. Raman spectroscopy shows a sharp peak at 1,332 cm⁻¹ and a peak at ∼1,580 cm⁻¹ for both samples.     

Photocatalytic degradation of 2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylphenyl) propane (BPP) based on molecular recognition interaction

BACKGROUND: Endocrine disruptors in the aquatic environment and their potential adverse effects are currently issues of concern. One of these endocrine disruptors is 2,2‐bis(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylphenyl)propane (BPP). In this work the molecular recognition interaction of BPP with β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) was studied using IR spectroscopy and steady state fluorescence spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic degradation behaviour of BPP based on molecular recognition interaction was investigated in a TiO₂/UV–visible (λ_max = 365 nm) system. This might provide a new method for the treatment of some organic pollutants in wastewater. RESULTS: β‐CD reacts with BPP to form a 1:1 inclusion complex, the formation constant of which is 4.94 × 10³ L mol^?1. The photodegradation rate constant of BPP after molecular recognition by β‐CD showed a 1.42‐fold increase in the TiO₂/UV–visible (λ_max = 365 nm) system. The photodegradation of BPP depended on the concentration of β‐CD, the pH value, the gaseous medium and the initial concentration of BPP. The photodegradation efficiency of BPP with molecular recognition was higher than that without molecular recognition. After 100 min of irradiation the mineralisation efficiency of BPP after molecular recognition by β‐CD reached 94.8%, whereas the mineralisation efficiency of BPP before molecular recognition by β‐CD was only 40.6%. CONCLUSION: The photocatalytic degradation of BPP after molecular recognition by β‐CD can be enhanced in the TiO₂/UV‐visible (λ_max = 365 nm) system. This enhancement is dependent on the enhancement of the adsorption of BPP, the moderate inclusion depth of BPP in the β‐CD cavity and the increase in the frontier electron density of BPP after molecular recognition. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Geotechnical properties of the soft soil in Guangzhou College City

The paper describes some geotechnical properties of the soft soils in Guangzhou College City, China, which are difficult to both sample and test. Laboratory and in situ tests were carried out to assess the physical and mechanical indices of the soils. The data were statistically analyzed and linear regression undertaken such that equations could be developed by which the geotechnical properties of the soft soils can be predicted. The statistical validity of the degree of correlation confirmed that using these equations, the mechanical indices can be estimated from physical indices determined by routine testing.