苯部分加氢钌催化剂催化活性研究

通过实验研究了反应温度、反应压力、反应时间对苯液相部分加氢制环已烯钌催化剂的活性的影响,得到的最适宜反应温度范围为403K-423K;由实验结果得出工业上反应压力就控制在4-5.5MPa,反应时间15-30分钟可保证环已烯有高的选择性。     

充填式浮选柱的研究与应用

简要介绍了充填式浮选柱的发展历程及其特点 ,综述了近年来国内外学者对该设备的内部结构、流体力学特性、数学模型等基础理论的研究状况 ,以及充填式浮选柱在金属矿、煤、非金属矿等分选工艺中的主要应用情况 ,指出了目前所存在的一些有待解决的问题 ,并从基础理论和实际应用两个方面提出了几个有待进一步深入研究的课题和发展方向     

Influences of Solid Loadings on the Microstructures and the Optical Properties of Yb:YAG Ceramics

Transparent Y_2.85Yb_0.15Al₅O₁₂ ceramics were prepared using an aqueous tape casting and vacuum sintering method. The rheological properties were measured by a rheometer. The results indicate high quality tapes, and ceramics can be obtained by increasing the solid loading of the corresponding slurries. The densities of the tapes increase from 2.42 to 2.69 g/cm³ by increasing the solid loadings from 35 to 50 vol%. The corresponding green body densities range from 52.7 to 57.1% of the theoretical. The solid loading suitable for fabricating transparent Yb:YAG ceramics should be higher than 45 vol%.     

Mineralization of Para-Chlorobenzoic Acid in Water by Cobalt-Incorporated MCM-41 Catalyzed Ozonation

Cobalt-incorporated MCM-41(Co-MCM-41) was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the ozonation of para-chlorobenzoic acid (p-CBA) in aqueous solution. Cobalt oxide supported on MCM-41(Co/MCM-41) was synthesized for comparison. Their textural properties were elucidated by various characterization techniques to understand the relationship between surface texture and catalytic activity. TOC removal at 60 min reached 91% with Co-MCM-41, 83% with Co/MCM-41 and only 52% with ozone alone, respectively. Observations from diffuse reflection spectroscopy demonstrated that different metal phases were formed in these cobalt-modified molecular sieves samples. Radical scavenger experiments indicated the formation of hydroxyl radicals that were responsible for the effective degradation of p-CBA. An integrated approach to the catalytic mechanism was proposed by considering the variation of pH in the course of ozonation as well as its subsequent influence on the dissociation of targeted compounds and surface charge of the catalyst. In the reusability experiments, the reused Co-MCM-41 was able to regain the same catalytic capability as the fresh one within 5 cycles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that a part of Co²⁺ was oxidized to Co³⁺ after oxidation reaction.     

酰基叠氮的合成研究

文章探索了芳香酰氯与叠氮化钠在室温下的各种溶剂中生成酰基叠氮的反应。实验发现丙酮、乙腈、PEG-200和PEG-400是4种较好的溶剂。本方法具有反应时间短,反应收率较高,易于操作,后处理方便等优点。     

导向格栅规整填料萃取塔的操作性能

对一种新开发的导向格栅规整填料萃取塔的水力学特性和传质性能进行了系统的实验研究。结果表明,新型导向格栅填料萃取塔的通量比传统萃取塔有了大幅度的提高,当流速比L_R(分散相:连续相)为1:5时,液泛通量达到150 m³·m^-2·h^-1。该填料萃取塔同时具有较好的传质性能,在石油炼制溶剂脱沥青、煤化工废水萃取脱酚等工业过程有良好的应用前景。     

亚铁盐处理铁氰化钾废水

玻璃加工行业中,玻璃产品丝印后有一道清洗工序,需要使用铁氰化钾配比成洗涤剂进行清洗,清洗废水间歇排放。排放的废水含碱性、CODCr、铁氰化钾等污染物。实践证明,采用亚铁盐混凝沉淀-生化-二次沉淀法处理此类生产废水,能够保证出水达到环保要求。福建某玻璃加工企业有一股铁氰化钾废水,采用上述工艺进行处理,设计处理能力100 m3/d,废水进水p H、CODCr、氰化物分别为11~12、700 mg/L和15 mg/L,经处理后,CODCr、氰化物的去除率分别达90%、和99.3%,使出水稳定达到地方污水排放一级标准。     

压力管道安全阀的选用

简述了压力管道用安全阀的分类及选择,通过实例介绍如何选用安全阀。     

正丁烷氧化制顺酐催化剂的制备及其催化性能

采用有机相法制备了具有优异催化性能的正丁烷氧化制顺酐钒磷氧(VPO)催化剂。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氮气吸附脱附、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重分析(TG)等方法对催化剂的制备过程进行了研究,分析了催化剂在整个制备过程中物相、价态、形貌和比表面积的变化。在固定床反应器上对正丁烷氧化制顺酐的反应条件进行研究,考察了反应温度、正丁烷浓度和反应空速等条件对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,催化剂前驱体的主要物相为VOHPO4·0.5H2O。经活化后的催化剂活性相包括(VO)2P2O7(V4+)、VOPO4(V5+)和钒磷云母相(V4+和V5+混合相)。催化剂呈规则的片层结构,具有较高的比表面积,可以达到24.08 m2/g。催化剂在制备过程中需要经过干燥、焙烧和气氛活化,对催化剂的形成具有至关重要的作用。最佳的反应条件:反应温度为395℃,正丁烷摩尔分数为1.4%~1.5%,反应空速为2 000 h-1,此时正丁烷转化率为85%~87%,顺酐收率可达到59%~60%。