Immunomodulation with Nucleic Acid Nanodevices

The precise regulation of interactions of specific immunological components is crucial for controllable immunomodulation, yet it remains a great challenge. With the assistance of advanced computer design, programmable nucleic acid nanotechnology enables the customization of synthetic nucleic acid nanodevices with unprecedented geometrical and functional precision, which have shown promising potential for precise immunoengineering. Notably, the inherently immunologic functions of nucleic acids endow these nucleic acid-based assemblies with innate advantages in immunomodulatory engagement. In this review, the roles of nucleic acids in innate immunity are discussed, focusing on the definition, immunologic modularity, and enhanced bioavailability of structural nucleic acid nanodevices. In light of this, molecular programming and precise organization of functional modules with nucleic acid nanodevices for immunomodulation are emphatically reviewed. At last, the present challenges and future perspectives of nucleic acid nanodevices for immunomodulation are discussed.     

钛钒基TiVCrFeZr合金的熔炼工艺初探

分析探讨钛钒基ＴｉＶＣｒＦｅＺｒ合金的熔炼特点和热处理工艺,利用ＸＲＤ,ＳＥＭ和电子“微探针”技术对合金微观结构进行了分析。结果表明：真空电弧熔炼难以解决合金宏观成分偏析;电弧熔炼后再进行真空感应熔炼可以解决合金成分的宏观偏析。当ＴｉＶＣｒＦｅＺｒ合金中锆含量很低时,可以通过高温长时间保温和快速真空淬火工艺获得均质单相的固溶体合金。     

Characterisation of physicochemical properties,flavour components and microbial community in Chinese Guojing roasted sesame-like flavour Daqu

Daqu is a saccharifying and fermentation agent for Baijiu production. It provides ingredients, flavours or flavour precursors, microorganisms and enzymes that influence Baijiu quality and character. Here, a systematic investigation was performed on the physicochemical properties, volatile flavour compounds and microbial community structures of Chinese Guojing roasted sesame-like flavour Daqu. The results show that the Daqu exhibited high saccharifying ability, but low liquefying and fermenting ability. Analysis by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry showed that the Daqu and a simulated solid-state fermentation sample contained 28 and 49 volatile components, including alcohols, esters, aldehydes, benzodiazepines, alkenes and nitrogen containing compounds. The main volatiles were aldehydes, esters and alcohols in Daqu, while the esters, alcohols and phenols were relatively higher in the solid-state fermentation sample. With the microbial flora, Bacillus, Actinobacteria_norank, Thermoactinomyces, Enterobacteriaceae_norank, Enterobacter, Actinopolyspora, Kroppenstedtia, Pseudomonas and Sphingobium were the main prokaryotic microorganisms. The dominant fungi were Thermomucor, Trichocomaceae_Incertae Sedis, Absidia, Eurotiomycetes_Incertae Sedis, Mucorales_Incertae Sedis and Eurotiales_Incertae Sedis. By systematically characterising the physicochemical properties, flavour compounds and microorganisms in Daqu, this study increases the understanding of Daqu and provides information for improvements in Baijiu production and quality. © 2019 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

Investigation on Recrystallization Behavior of Cold-Rolled Silicon Steel in Continuous Heating with Three-Point Bending Testing

Understanding the recrystallization behavior of cold-rolled silicon steel during continuous heating is essential for optimizing continuous annealing parameters and accurately controlling material performance. To address the limitations of isothermal annealing studies in interpreting actual continuous annealing processes, this study investigates the recrystallization kinetics of Fe–2.3 wt%Si steel using a continuous heating three-point bending method. The method effectively determines the characteristic recrystallization temperatures. Interestingly, these recrystallization characteristic temperatures remain unaffected by the initial load but shift toward higher temperatures with increasing heating rates in the range of 5–15 °C min⁻¹. The average activation energy of recrystallization is estimated to be 144.5 kJ mol⁻¹, comparable to the value of 147.0 kJ mol⁻¹ obtained from the isothermal process through microhardness measurement. The recrystallization kinetics, described by an extended version of the Ozawa–Flynn–Wall model, exhibits excellent agreement with experimental evaluations. By combining the present processing technologies with continuous heating recrystallization kinetics, different recrystallization temperatures and times can be determined, offering valuable insights for optimizing annealing processes.     

年轻消费者黄酒饮用温度偏好研究

饮用温度会影响酒精饮料的感官特征,进而影响消费者的接受度和喜好性.采用选择合适项目法(Check-All-That-Apply,CATA)探究了不同饮用温度下半干型和半甜型绍兴黄酒的感官特征以及年轻消费者对饮用温度的偏好性.结果显示,半干型黄酒和半甜型黄酒共有17种感官属性和10种情绪属性受饮用温度的显著影响,且两种黄...     

砂岩储集层中碳酸盐胶结物特征——以鄂尔多斯盆地中南部延长组为例

自生碳酸盐矿物是鄂尔多斯盆地中南部延长组砂岩储集层中最重要的胶结物,其主要类型有方解石、铁方解石、白云石和铁白云石,在不同层位上分布类型有较大差别,总体含量随地层深度增加而递减。偏光显微镜及SEM研究表明,该区碳酸盐胶结物主要呈充填粒间孔隙、交代矿物以及泥微晶环边赋存。碳、氧同位素分析揭示各种类型自生碳酸盐胶结物具有多期次、长时间的沉淀过程,其沉淀温度范围也存在较大差异。该区碳酸盐胶结物的物质来源主要有海洋碳酸盐岩岩屑的后期溶解、蒙脱石的伊利石化、相邻泥岩的压释流体以及长石和暗色亚稳定矿物的溶解等。由于碳酸盐胶结物较大规模地堵塞了孔隙,在个别部位形成了分割储集层的致密钙质层,且缺乏后期溶解作用,使其成为延长组储集层致密超低渗的一个重要因素。图7表2参36     

A versatile strategy towards semi-interpenetrating polymer network for proton exchange membranes

A universal method to prepare proton exchange membrane (PEM) with semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) via a versatile crosslinker 1,3-benzenedisulfonyl azide (1,3-BDSA) is proposed. Sulfonyl azide groups can react with any polymer with carbon-hydrogen bonds via hydrogen abstraction. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer are selected as two precursors for semi-IPN. When 1,3-BDSA is heated to a sufficiently high temperature it can form the nitrene and connect with PVDF via hydrogen abstraction reaction, recombination, or CH-bond insertion. The crosslinking structure of PVDF is formed, and semi-IPN is constructed in the presence of PFSA at the same time. The mechanical properties, degree of crosslinking, water uptake, and proton conductivity of semi-IPN membranes are investigated. Compared with pure PFSA membrane, the mechanical properties and the dimensional stability of the semi-IPN membranes are improved significantly. The tensile strength of the composite membrane (27.2 MPa) is much higher than that of PFSA membrane (10.1 MPa). The maximum power density of the composite membrane can reach 382 mW cm⁻² at 940 mA cm⁻². Sulfonyl azide based crosslinkers can be used to prepare semi-IPN or IPN PEMs from any paired polymers with carbon–hydrogen bonds.     

驴肉特色品质挖掘研究进展

驴肉是优良的特色肉类食品,因其高蛋白低脂肪的营养特点和鲜美独特的口感,深受广大消费者喜爱。驴肉含有丰富的营养物质,随着科技的发展,其加工手段日渐增多,但目前驴肉加工还存在营养品质挖掘不足,食用品质和安全品质研究不够深入,产品形态较为单一等问题。该文综述驴肉蛋白质、脂肪、维生素、矿物质等营养品质构成,色泽、风味、系水力、嫩度等食用品质形成特征,以及加工方式和贮藏条件对驴肉安全品质的影响,以期为我国驴肉产品的开发提供新的思路。     

电池置换站运营收益模型与策略

为了使运营收益最大化,本文采用电池置换站的策略,从运营商的角度出发,建立了针对电池置换站运营的整数线性规划模型。该模型综合考虑了置换费用、置换站的电池拥有量、置换站的充放电能力以及置换站服务水平等因素。模型的求解主要采用Lingo编程技术,分析了模型的影响因素,得出了不同参数情况下对应收益的最大值和各置换站在各时间段对电池进行充放电的数量,同时进一步分析这些参数与运营收益之间的敏感关系。通过上述分析可以发现,该模型的提出可以使得运营商的投资风险最小化和收益的最大化,从而为制定合理有效的运营策略和电池管理提供有力指导。     

承压水上采煤底板破坏流固耦合数值模拟

随着开采深度的不断增加,一些深部的矿井正面临高承压水上采煤的现状,针对这一现状结合对底板突水机理的分析,利用FLAC3D软件强大的流固耦合功能,对高承压水上开采工作面进行流固耦合数值模拟,分析和研究煤层底板岩层在采动过程中的位移、应力及孔隙水压力变化规律,并得出了某煤矿9#煤层962工作面底板的破坏深度.结合突水系数法对该工作面带压开采的可行性进行分析,为工作面的正常开采提供理论依据.