柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定饮料中4-甲基咪唑的含量

建立了丹磺酰氯柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定饮料中4-甲基咪唑含量的方法。以C_(18)柱为色谱柱,乙腈和0.02 mol/L的乙酸铵水溶液为流动相,梯度洗脱,荧光检测器检测。该方法快速、准确,在0.05～1.0 mg/ L范围内线性相关系数为r~2=0.998 5,平均回收率达到71.6%～88.7%,相对标准偏差为3.6%～5.5%。方法的最低检测浓度为10.0μg/L。     

受控切割超细粉碎机理及相关参数的分析

分析了一种新型超细粉碎机——受控切割超细粉碎机的结构、工作原理、特点、粉碎机理及相关参数,为进一步对受控切割超细粉碎机的研究和设计提供理论依据。     

青梅原汁的生产工艺研究

确定了青梅原汁的生产工艺流程和参数。青梅果应选择成熟度高于九成五以上;预煮条件为90℃,3min;果胶酶解条件为果胶酶A 50mg/kg和B 100mg/kg,在40℃下酶解12h;杀菌条件为121℃处理3s～5s。     

仙人掌多糖胶囊的制备

以仙人掌浓缩清汁为原料,进行仙人掌多糖的正交提取试验,并将提取的仙人掌多糖制备成多糖胶囊。正交提取实验结果表明,仙人掌汁浓缩5倍,乙醇与仙人掌汁的比例为1∶3,醇析温度为-18℃时,仙人掌多糖的提取得率最高;仙人掌多糖胶囊制备方法:以95%乙醇作为仙人掌多糖的黏合剂制粒,6%～8%HPMC溶于60%乙醇中作包衣液,在35～40℃下包衣,干燥2h后装胶囊,可获得品质较好的仙人掌多糖胶囊。     

酶法黑米饮料的工艺研究

该文研究了酶法黑米饮料的工艺参数和稳定性。正交试验结果表明,液化型淀粉酶液化黑米淀粉的最佳条件是:温度60℃、pH值6.0、酶浓度0.1%和酶解时间1h;糖化型淀粉酶糖化黑米糊精的最佳条件是:温度50℃、pH值5.0、酶浓度0.3%和酶解时间2h;木瓜蛋白酶酶解黑米蛋白质的最佳条件是:温度50℃、pH值6.0、酶浓度0.15%和酶解时间1.5h。通过感官评定法确定黑米饮料适宜的条件,即稀释倍数为3,糖度为10%和pH5.5。黑米饮料对光、热、冷的稳定性的研究表明,黑米饮料对冷稳定,对热不太稳定,对光不稳定。     

建筑空间光影设计及其视觉体验

光影设计是建筑空间设计的一项重要内容,它关系到室内空间形象的展示和观者的视觉心理体验。只有充分理解光影艺术构成的方法,才能创造出适合人们情感和心理的建筑空间。     

Anti-oxidative characterisation of NaN3-induced common bean mutants

The contents of total phenolics, total anthocyanins, total proanthocyanidins and antioxidant activities were measured using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, lipid peroxidation inhibition ability and ABTS⁻ radical-scavenging activity assays. These were compared in the seed coats of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivar Hwachia and its eighteen NaN₃-induced mutants. NaN₃-induced mutants generally accumulated more total phenolics (19% more), total anthocyanins (65% more) and total proanthocyanidins (4% more) than Hwachia (containing 29.94 mg g⁻¹ total phenolics, 0.31 mg g⁻¹ total anthocyanins and 12.94 mg g⁻¹ total proanthocyanidins, respectively). Anthocyanidins including delphinine, cyanidin and pelargonidin were detectable in seed coat, each with different levels depending on the tested accessions. Significant correlations (average of 0.847 across all comparisons, p < 0.01) were found between the tested antioxidant activities, total phenolics, total anthocyanins and total proanthocyanidins. Mutants SA-11-2, SA-13-2 and SA-34-2 that are enriched with antioxidants may be useful in food and other applications.     

Comparisons of flavonoids and anti-oxidative activities in seed coat,embryonic axis and cotyledon of black soybeans

Flavonoids contents, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activities and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were compared in three black soybean varieties CRWD, Tainan 3 and Tainan 5. Varietal differences in antioxidant contents existed among the tested varieties. Variety CRWD accumulated more total phenolics (7.49 mg g⁻¹) and isoflavones (1.77 mg g⁻¹) than varieties Tainan 3 (7.05 mg g⁻¹ total phenolics and 1.58 mg g⁻¹ isoflavones) and Tainan 5 (4.38 mg g⁻¹ total phenolics and 0.63 mg g⁻¹ isoflavones). CRWD also accumulated more proanthocyanidins in seed coat than Tainan 3 and Tainan 5. CRWD also demonstrated greater DPPH and FRAP activities than the other two cultivars. Stepwise regressions indicated that both DPPH and FRAP activities were correlated well with the total contents of phenolics and flavonoids, with total phenolics being the most important anti-oxidative factor. The present results indicate that CRWD has greater anti-oxidative responses than Tainan 3 or Tainan 5, and is useful in functional food and other applications.     

Simultaneous determination of 10 mycotoxins in grain by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using ¹³C₁₅-deoxynivalenol as internal standard

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneous determination of 10 mycotoxins in grain was developed. The selected mycotoxins were: deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenon X, moniliformin, zearalenone, zearalanone, ochratoxin A and ochratoxin B. The samples were extracted with aqueous acetonitrile (84 : 16, v/v) and purified by reliable laboratory-made mixed cartridges. The analytes were separated on an Acquity UPLC HSS T3 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) and eluted with a mobile phase of water containing 0.2% aqueous ammonia and acetonitrile/methanol (90 : 10, v/v). All mycotoxins were detected with a Waters Micromass Quattro Ultima Pt tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in negative electrospray ionization using multiple reaction monitoring mode. Accurate determination was achieved by employing commercial 13C??-deoxynivalenol as internal standard, which compensated for target loss and eliminated matrix effects. The established method was further validated by determining the linearity (R2 > 0.9990), average recovery (75.8-106.5%), sensitivity (limit of quantitation 0.09-8.48 μg kg?1) and precision (relative standard deviation ≤ 6.9%). It was shown to be a suitable method for simultaneous determination of 10 mycotoxins in grain. Finally, a total of 69 corn samples randomly collected from eastern and northern China were analyzed. The results showed that deoxynivalenol was the most frequently detected contaminant, whilst 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, zearalanone, fusarenon X and moniliformin also occurred frequently. Ochratoxin A and ochratoxin B were present only in trace amounts in a small number of samples.     

纤维素酶预处理提高二次纤维的磨浆效果

研究了纤维素酶预处理对废纸箱二次纤维磨浆效果的影响。结果表明,纤维酶的种类、用量、预处理时间、pH值等对纤维素酶的作用效果影响大。纤维酶-5在用量为0．05％、预处理时间为45min和pH值7．7的条件下可使磨浆后的二次纤维的打浆度、环压指数和抗张指数分别达到26°SR、7．0N·m·g^-1和30．8N·m·g^-1,分别比未用酶预处理的对照二次纤维增加44．4％、18．6％和25．2％。