聚丙烯/玻璃纤维的界面改性研究(Ⅳ)--玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的界面结构特征

研制高性能的玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的关键是提高非极性的聚丙烯和极性的玻璃纤维的界面粘结强度。文章运用溶剂抽提ＦＴ－ＩＲ、ＤＳＣ、ＳＥＭ等分析测试手段对ＦＲＰＰ的理化性能进行了表征,提出玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料体系的最突出的界面特征是界面剂接枝物与玻璃纤维的相互作用和界面剂接枝物与聚丙烯基体树脂的共结晶。     

单体支柱工作面顶板动态的监报

本文提出顶板动态监报应包括回采工作面局部冒顶的监报及顶板来压的预报这两个方面的观点。初步给出了局部冒顶监报指标的确定方法;重点探索了采用回采工作面来压综合判断指标来预报顶板来压的可能性。文中所给的回采工作面局部冒顶的监报指标及顶板来压预报指标所采用的系数,基于现场统计资料,或现场经验的数学处理结果。     

新技术在甾体药物微生物转化中的应用

主要综述了固定化细胞和原生质体转化、双水相转化、超临界流体技术、有机介质中微生物转化以及磁场和超声处理等新技术应用于甾体药物微生物转化的研究进展。简要介绍了相应的反应器研究开发趋势。     

萃取法处理含酚废水的研究进展

介绍了液-液萃取、膜萃取和液膜萃取3种萃取处理含酚废水方法,叙述了它们的原理、特性、工艺以及应用优势和存在问题。认为高效、低毒、溶解度小、廉价萃取剂的开发,多种萃取剂混合协同作用的机理研究对提升整个萃取效率起关键作用;膜萃取应从膜材料着手,加强制备廉价、高通量的膜组件;并着力研究膜溶胀和膜污染的机理和控制方法;液膜法目前尚缺乏大规模工业化应用实例,如何提升其稳定性还需进一步的研究。     

Conversions of fuel-N,volatile-N,and char-N to NO and N2O during combustion of a single coal particle in O2/N2 and O2/H2O at low temperature

Oxy-steam combustion is a promising next-generation combustion technology. Conversions of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO and N₂O during combustion of a single coal particle in O₂/N₂ and O₂/H₂O were studied in a tube reactor at low temperature. In O₂/N₂, NO reaches the maximum value in the devolatilization stage and N₂O reaches the maximum value in the char combustion stage. In O₂/H₂O, both NO and N₂O reach the maximum values in the char combustion stage. The total conversion ratios of fuel-N to NO and N₂O in O₂/N₂ are obviously higher than those in O₂/H₂O, due to the reduction of H₂O on NO and N₂O. Temperature changes the trade-off between NO and N₂O. In O₂/N₂ and O₂/H₂O, the conversion ratios of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO increase with increasing temperature, and those to N₂O show the opposite trends. The conversion ratios of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO reach the maximum values at < O₂ > = 30 vol% in O₂/N₂. In O₂/H₂O, the conversion ratios of fuel-N and char-N to NO reach the maximum values at < O₂ > = 30 vol%, and the conversion ratio of volatile-N to NO shows a slightly increasing trend with increasing oxygen concentration. The conversion ratios of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to N₂O decrease with increasing oxygen concentration in both atmospheres. A higher coal rank has higher conversion ratios of fuel-N to NO and N₂O. Anthracite coal exhibits the highest conversion ratios of fuel-N, volatile-N, and char-N to NO and N₂O in both atmospheres. This work is to develop efficient ways to understand and control NO and N₂O emissions for a clean and sustainable atmosphere.     

40kg试验焦炉的研制

介绍了40kg试验焦炉,分析和比较了试验焦炉与生产焦炉的差异,指出它们之间的模拟条件是炭化室宽度;煤料堆密度;炼焦速度和单向传热。     

我国煤中氯含量分布特性的试验研究

在比较了煤中氯含量的测定方法后,确定了采用国标里煤中氯的测定方法之一——艾士卡混合剂熔样一硫氰酸钾滴定法测定煤中的氯含量．测定了41种我国煤中的氯含量,分析了煤中氯含量与有机物和无机物之间的关系．     

预处理短纤维对VMQ/EPDM共混导电橡胶某些性能的影响

研究了预处理短纤维用量对乙炔炭黑填充甲基乙烯基硅橡胶（ＶＭＱ）／ＥＰＤＭ共混硫化胶拉伸、撕裂、耐屈挠疲劳和导电性能的影响。实验结果表明，加入适量短纤维对ＶＭＱ／ＥＰＤＭ体系有一定的补强作用；纤维用量较大时，导电性能下降。加入４．０份左右的预处理短纤维，可使ＶＭＱ／ＥＰＤＭ共混导电橡胶获得良好的物理机械性能和导电性能     

助剂对Pd/AC催化剂催化三氟氯乙烯加氢脱氯的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Cu-Pd/AC和K-Pd/AC催化剂,分别考察了Cu和K助剂添加量对三氟氯乙烯加氢脱氯生成三氟乙烯的反应性能的影响,并采用N_2-物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)测试、透射电镜(TEM)和H_2-程序升温还原(TPR)等对催化剂进行表征。结果表明:加入助剂Cu,其与Pd形成Pd-Cu合金,抑制催化剂的加氢性能,从而降低催化剂反应活性;加入助剂K,其改变了Pd的电子结构,增强了Pd的电子云密度,使Pd活化H的能力增强,从而提高催化剂的活性。助剂K质量分数为3%的催化剂,在250℃下,具有较好的催化活性,三氟氯乙烯的转化率可达90%左右,三氟乙烯的选择性可达85%左右。     

Composition and characteristics of primary combustion products of boron-based propellants

Primary combustion products of boron-based propellants are incomplete combustion products that are emitted from the gas generator of a solid ducted rocket. Studying the composition of primary combustion products provides valuable information about the primary combustion process and also helps to better understand the secondary combustion process. The particle size of the primary combustion products is analyzed by a laser particle size analyzer. The qualitative analysis of the sample composition is performed by using x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry experiments. Based on these results, an integrated quantitative analysis of the sample composition is conducted. The quantitative analysis methods include tube furnace heating, ion chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma chromatography. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry are also used to analyze the micro-morphology and distribution of different components in the sample. The primary combustion products mainly contain B, C, B _m C _n , H₃BO₃, B₂O₃, BN, Mg, MgCl₂, and NH₄Cl. B _m C _n (22–24%), H₃BO₃ (20%), and B (16.8%) are the three major components, while B _m C _n , B, and C (9.8–11.8%) are the three combustible components present in the highest amounts. The oxidant NH₄ClO₄ is completely consumed during the primary combustion, while the metal additive Mg does not show much reactivity. The micro-morphology and distribution of B _m C _n , H₃BO₃ (or B₂O₃), B, Mg, and C in the sample are investigated. Some components in the primary combustion products are found to be agglomerated, while some components are dispersed. Large particles in the sample mainly include B and Mg, while B _m C _n , H₃BO₃ (or B₂O₃), and C particles are small. In general, the combustion completeness of the primary combustion products is rather low. Therefore, better understanding and controlling of the secondary combustion process is very important to improve the performance of B-based propellants.