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Software plays an increasingly important role in modern safety-critical systems. Although, research has been done to integrate software into the classical probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) framework, current PRA practice overwhelmingly neglects the contribution of software to system risk. Dynamic probabilistic risk assessment (DPRA) is considered to be the next generation of PRA techniques. DPRA is a set of methods and techniques in which simulation models that represent the behavior of the elements of a system are exercised in order to identify risks and vulnerabilities of the system. The fact remains, however, that modeling software for use in the DPRA framework is also quite complex and very little has been done to address the question directly and comprehensively. This paper develops a methodology to integrate software contributions in the DPRA environment. The framework includes a software representation, and an approach to incorporate the software representation into the DPRA environment SimPRA. The software representation is based on multi-level objects and the paper also proposes a framework to simulate the multi-level objects in the simulation-based DPRA environment. This is a new methodology to address the state explosion problem in the DPRA environment. This study is the first systematic effort to integrate software risk contributions into DPRA environments. 相似文献
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Anumberoflanthanideternarycomplexescon tainingheterocyclicamineshavebeenreportedsince1960 [1] .Inrecentyearsmuchattentionhasbeenpaidtoquaternarycomplexesoflanthanidesbecauseofin terestingstructure ,coordinationmode ,competitionre actionandproperty[2~ 9] .ESRcane… 相似文献
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Yanqing Ji Hao Ying John Yen Shizhuo Zhu Daniel C. Barth‐Jones Richard E. Miller R. Michael Massanari 《国际智能系统杂志》2007,22(8):827-845
Discovering unknown adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in postmarketing surveillance as early as possible is highly desirable. Nevertheless, current postmarketing surveillance methods largely rely on spontaneous reports that suffer from serious underreporting, latency, and inconsistent reporting. Thus these methods are not ideal for rapidly identifying rare ADRs. The multiagent systems paradigm is an emerging and effective approach to tackling distributed problems, especially when data sources and knowledge are geographically located in different places and coordination and collaboration are necessary for decision making. In this article, we propose an active, multiagent framework for early detection of ADRs by utilizing electronic patient data distributed across many different sources and locations. In this framework, intelligent agents assist a team of experts based on the well‐known human decision‐making model called Recognition‐Primed Decision (RPD). We generalize the RPD model to a fuzzy RPD model and utilize fuzzy logic technology to not only represent, interpret, and compute imprecise and subjective cues that are commonly encountered in the ADR problem but also to retrieve prior experiences by evaluating the extent of matching between the current situation and a past experience. We describe our preliminary multiagent system design and illustrate its potential benefits for assisting expert teams in early detection of previously unknown ADRs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 22: 827–845, 2007. 相似文献
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国内3G网络共享问题之研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着国内3G时代的来临,3G网络共享问题越来越受到人们的关注。本文结合国内移动通信的现状,着重分析了3G网络共享的模式及经济效益,论述了3G网络共享的相应策略。 相似文献
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Jiayong Cao Yu Zhu Jinsong Wang Wensheng Yin Guanghong Duan 《IEEE transactions on magnetics》2004,40(6):3490-3494
This paper investigates three kinds of permanent-magnet arrays used in planar motors with polarity centers distributed in the lattices of a matrix. The magnetic field of every kind of magnet array is analyzed by analytical methods. First, we give a Laplace equation of magnetic scalar potential and a series of boundary conditions. Then, we derive the analytical expressions of magnet field strength and magnet flux density in the air gap of each kind of magnet array by the method of separation of variables. Finally, we compare the three types of magnet arrays on the basis of the analytical solutions. 相似文献
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裂缝性油气藏采收率:100个裂缝性油气田实例的经验总结 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
通过对世界上100个裂缝性油气藏的综合评价,研究储集层及流体本身的性质(包括孔隙度、渗透率、黏度、可动油比例、含水饱和度、润湿性及裂缝分布特征等)和驱动机制及油藏管理战略(优化日产量和采用不同类型的提高采收率技术)对其最终采收率的影响。将裂缝性油气藏分为4类:I类的基质几乎没有孔隙度和渗透率,裂缝是储存空间和流体流动的通道;Ⅱ类的基质有较低的孔隙度和渗透率,基质提供储存空间,裂缝提供流动通道;Ⅲ类(微孔隙)的基质具有高孔隙度和低渗透率,基质提供储存空间,裂缝提供流动通道;Ⅳ类(大孔隙)的基质具有高的孔隙度和渗透率,基质提供储存空间和流动通道,裂缝仅增加渗透率。对26个Ⅱ类油气藏和20个Ⅲ类油气藏的开采历史的研究表明:Ⅱ类油气藏的采收率受水驱强度和最优日产量控制,日产量过高会很容易破坏Ⅱ类油气藏,一些Ⅱ类油气藏如果管理得当,采收率可以很高,不需要二次或三次采油;Ⅲ类油气藏的采收率主要受岩石和流体本身性质的影响,特别是基质渗透率、流体重度、润湿性以及裂缝强度等,不进行二次或三次采油不可能完全开采,往往需要采用一些提高采收率的专门技术。以往将Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类裂缝性油气藏归为一类,认识它们的区别将有助于选择更好的开发策略。 相似文献