Identification of organochlorines and organobromines in coals

Four Chinese bituminous coals were extracted with CS₂, n-hexane, benzene, methanol, acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and THF/methanol (1: 3 vol/vol) mixed solvent sequentially. The resulting 28 extracts were analyzed with GC/MS. Six organochlorines (OCs) and two organobromines (OBs) were identified in eight extracts from the coals. Our experiments provide, for the first time, the information on the molecular structure of OCs and OBs in coals.     

Preparation and characterization of a series of polyamides with long alkylene segments: Nylons 12 20, 10 20,s 20,6 20, 4 20 and 2 20

Summary A series of nylons with long alkylene segments between amide groups were newly prepared by step-heating melt-polycondensation of 1,lS-octadecanedicarboxylic acid with various diamines. The prepared polyamides were characterized carefully. The results show that many properties of the prepared nylons change regularly with the length of methylene segments in diamines. In addition, nylon 2 20 has a relatively low molecular weight and much different melting and thermal decomposition behaviors in comparison with other nylons. Received: 21 June 2OO2/Revised version: 18 September 2002/ Accepted: 18 September 2002 Correspondence to Deyue Yan E-mail: dyyan@mail.sjtu.edu.cn Tel: 0086-21-54742863 Fax: 0086-21-54741297     

Charge/discharge characteristics of sulfur composite cathode materials in rechargeable lithium batteries

The charge and discharge characteristics of lithium batteries with sulfur composite cathodes have been investigated. The sulfur composites showed novel electrochemical characteristics. The analysis of the differential capacity indicated that the discharge process showed two voltage plateaus of 2.10 V and 1.88 V, and the charge process also presented two voltage plateaus of 2.22 V and 2.36 V. The overcharge test showed that the composite cannot be charged over 4.0 V, the voltage always stopped at about 3.9 V during charging, indicating that the composite presented the intrinsic safety for the overcharge of lithium batteries. The overcharge can cause serious safety problem for the conventional Li-ion batteries. The overcharge test also showed that the batteries with sulfur composite were destroyed when the upper cut-off voltage was over 3.6 V. However, the composite presented good reversible capacity after it was deep discharged even to 0 V. It showed stable cycleability and high cycling capacity of 1000 mAh g⁻¹ when cycling between 0.1 V and 3.0 V, indicative of the different characteristic from the conventional oxide cathode materials. The prototype polymer battery with the composite cathode material presented the energy density of 246 Wh kg⁻¹ and 401 Wh L⁻¹.     

永乐宫壁画艺术对我国当代工笔人物画的影响

永乐宫壁画是中国古代壁画的奇葩,它代表了传统工笔重彩绘画在元代取得的最高成就。从宏伟的构图、绚丽的色彩和高超的线描技巧等方面分析了永乐宫壁画对当代工笔人物画的影响。当代工笔人物画要继承和发扬永乐宫壁画的优良传统．拓宽和创造出更多的表现手法．复兴和推动中国重彩人物画的发展。     

俄罗斯减压渣油超临界萃取残渣的催化加氢反应研究

以高压反应釜为反应器、环己烷为溶剂,选用分子筛、金属及舍金3大类共6种催化剂,对俄罗斯减压渣油超临界萃取所得残渣的非催化及催化加氢反应进行研究。结果表明,采用NKF-β型和Y型分子筛作为催化剂,残渣加氢反应产物中芳烃的相对含量超过55％;采用金属Fe、Ni以及合金Co—Fe、Pd—C作为催化剂,残渣加氢反应产物中正构烷烃的相对含量超过70％;除采用Fe和Pd—C作为催化剂的残渣加氢反应产物之外,在其他各组产物中均检测到少量含氧化合物,而在以NKF-β型分子筛作为催化剂的加氢反应产物中还检测出含氮化合物。针对各组加氢反应产物中化合物相对含量的差异,推测了残渣在不同类型催化剂作用下可能存在的反应途径。     

An improved algorithm for fluid-structure interaction of high-speed trains under crosswind

Based on the train-track coupling dynamics and high-speed train aerodynamics, this paper deals with an improved algorithm for fluid-structure interaction of high-speed trains. In the algorithm, the data communication between fluid solver and structure solver is avoided by inserting the program of train-track coupling dynamics into fluid dynamics program, and the relaxation factor concerning the load boundary of the fluid-structure interface is introduced to improve the fluctuation and convergence of aerodynamic forces. With this method, the fluid-structure dynamics of a high-speed train are simulated under the condition that the velocity of crosswind is 13.8 m/s and the train speed is 350 km/h. When the relaxation factor equals 0.5, the fluctuation of aerodynamic forces is lower and its convergence is faster than in other cases. The side force and lateral displacement of the head train are compared between off-line simulation and co-simulation. Simulation results show that the fluid-structure interaction has a significant influence on the aerodynamics and attitude of the head train under crosswind conditions. In addition, the security indexes of the head train worsen after the fluid-structure interaction calculation. Therefore, the fluid-structure interaction calculation is necessary for high-speed trains.

     

一种简化的CA认证系统

针对网络安全问题,在对PKI机制和SSL技术深入研究之后,从节省成本、便于维护的角度出发,设计了一套简化的CA认证系统,实现了安全连接建立前通信双方身份的识别,然后采用数据加密传输,为用户数据通信提供安全保证.     

缺陷产品召回物流形成机制与实践策略分析

针对缺陷产品召回成本高、效率低的问题,提出了缺陷产品召回物流理论,即通过召回物流的效率来实现产品召回的社会效益.通过构建社会化召回物流网络,完善物流企业产品召回处理功能,加强召回过程产品信息与物流信息共享等策略,实施召回物流管理.实施召回物流有助于维护消费者权益、降低企业召回成本、实现缺陷产品回收与资源再利用.     

Ultralow frequency wave characteristics extracted from particle data: Application of IGSO observations

Interaction between ultralow frequency (ULF) waves and charged particles plays an important role in the acceleration of particles in the Van Allen radiation belts. The strong wave-particle interaction predicts an energy-dependent observational signature of particle flux variations during different stages of the ULF wave evolution. In this paper, we find that the energetic particle data newly available from an IGSO spacecraft are quite consistent with theoretical predictions, which enables the application of a best-fit procedure to quantitatively extract key parameters of the ULF waves from the particle data. The general agreement between observations and the best-fit results validates the scenario of wave-particle drift resonance within the entire ULF life span, and provides a new technique to understand the ULF wave characteristics in the absence of electromagnetic field data. We also examine the minor differences between observations and the best-fit results, and propose that the differences may result from a longitudinal dependence of the ULF wave power to be considered in a future study.     

水平管内气液两相流界面湍流各向异性分析

为探讨水平管内气液两相流湍流模型如何选择,提出水平管内气液两相流界面湍流为各向异性的猜想,分析了该界面湍流各向异性产生和发展的机理,指出界面湍流各向异性产生的湍流惯性力是水平管环状流形成的重要原因.通过比较二方程模型和雷诺应力模型(RSM)模拟同一个水平管环状流工况的结果来验证分析的正确性,在此基础上探讨了气液两相流湍流模型的选择依据.结果表明当水平管内气液剪切力较大时适合选用RSM模型,其他情况二方程模型和RSM模型均适用.