Decision by the Principle Board of the Polish Allergy Society

A review of isolates of Neisseria meningitidis and other laboratory evidence of meningococcal infection was carried out for the period 1990-1995. Thirty-three patients with evidence of meningococcal disease were identified over the six year period. Group B organisms were the most commonly identified, but an increase in Group C has occurred and is almost equal in number. Data from clinical, laboratory and public health sources should be centralized in a National Surveillance Centre.     

Experimental methods in hepatology. Guidelines of the German Association for the Study of the Liver (GASL). Liver perfusion--technique and applications

Purified cell-envelope polyphosphatase as well as polyphoshatase activities of cytosol and isolated vacuoles, of nuclei and mitochondria of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared. The polyphosphatases of cell envelope and cytosol are similar, the polyphosphatases of nuclei, vacuoles and mitochondria differ in their kinetic properties, substrate specificity, requirements in divalent cations and in some effector actions both from these and from each other.     

Glial development in the Drosophila CNS requires concomitant activation of glial and repression of neuronal differentiation genes

Two classes of glial cells are found in the embryonic Drosophila CNS, midline glial cells and lateral glial cells. Midline glial development is triggered by EGF-receptor signalling, whereas lateral glial development is controlled by the gcm gene. Subsequent glial cell differentiation depends partly on the pointed gene. Here we describe a novel component required for all CNS glia development. The tramtrack gene encodes two zinc-finger proteins, one of which, ttkp69, is expressed in all non-neuronal CNS cells. We show that ttkp69 is downstream of gcm and can repress neuronal differentiation. Double mutant analysis and coexpression experiments indicate that glial cell differentiation may depend on a dual process, requiring the activation of glial differentiation by pointed and the concomitant repression of neuronal development by tramtrack.     

Microflora of periodontal pockets in advanced periodontitis

The aim of study was the evaluation of periodontal pockets microflora in patients with advanced periodontitis. From each subject 16-20 samples were taken using paper points. Pooled sample after 60 s. mixing was serially diluted in reduced BHI. For total cell counts and for the isolation of black pigmented anaerobes Brucella agar supplemented with 5% sheep blood, hemin, menadione, with and without Kanamycin-Vancomycin mixture and BM agar plates were used. For isolation of A. actinomycetemcomitans TSBV agar plates were used. Cultures were incubated in anaerobic chamber at 37 degrees C for 7 days and TSBV agar plates in an atmosphere of 95% air-5% CO2 at 37 degrees C for 5 days. Microorganisms were identified by Gram staining, colony morphology, fluorescence in UV-light, haemagglutination of 3% sheep erythrocytes, fermentation of sugars, production of indole, urease (API 20A), specific enzymes (Rapid ID 32A). Twenty seven subjects with clinically recognized periodontitis were examined. Microorganisms important in periodontitis were isolated from periodontal pockets of almost all examined subjects. The number of bacteria obtained from the sample of one patient ranged from 1 x 10(4) CFU/ml to 3,6 x 10(6) CFU/ml. Porphyromonas gingivalis was identified in the samples taken from 17 patients, Prevotella intermedia-19, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans -11, Fusobacterium nucleatum-9, Peptostreptococcus spp.-22.     

Laparoscopic operation of a Morgagni hernia

Morgagni hernias are the least common form of diaphragmatic hernias. Although they are congenital, most of them are not diagnosed until later in life. The indication for surgery is based on the patient's symptoms or on the radiological evidence of incarcerated tissue, and until quite recently involved a laparotomy or thoracotomy. Laparoscopy not only permits the suspected diagnosis to be confirmed--which is otherwise often difficult--but also makes it possible to close the hernia site by suturing. For improved security, the hernia site is augmented by fixing in place a non-absorbable mesh. The operative technique employed is described.     

Differences in the yields of dicentrics and reciprocal translocations observed in the chromosomes of irradiated human skin fibroblasts and blood lymphocytes from the same healthy individuals

The modulatory role of locally produced cyclooxygenase products and endothelium-derived nitric oxide in controlling vascular tone was investigated in bovine intra-mammary artery. Vascular reactivity initiated by vasoactive compounds, endothelin-1 (ET-1), bradykinin (BK), and substance P (SP) was measured isometrically in an isolated tissue bath. The effects of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (10(-5) M) and an inhibitor of nitric oxide production, N omega-Nitro L-Arginine (L-NNA: 3 x 10(-4) M) were determined during agonist-mediated responses. Indomethacin alone markedly enhanced vascular contraction produced by ET-1, while L-NNA did not. Inhibition of endothelium-derived nitric oxide synthesis by L-NNA, however, significantly attenuated BK- and SP-induced vascular relaxations, whereas indomethacin had slight influence. The potentiation between indomethacin and L-NNA in regulating vasomotor tone was not observed in this vascular bed. Thus, it appeared that both the cyclooxygenase and endothelium-derived nitric oxide pathways participated in modifying vascular reactivity. Domination of one pathway over the other depended upon the agonist used to stimulate vascular tissue.     

Endogenous and copper-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant activity of serum in hypercholesterolemic subjects

In order to observe the transport ability of peritoneum to small molecular substances, peritoneal equilibration test (PET) was performed in 52 CAPD patients. By analysing the relationship between peritoneal transport function and dialysis adequacy, we found the average urea KT/V and Cr were significantly lower in high and low transport groups (n = 6 and n = 2) than in high average and low average groups (n = 35 and n = 9). According to the results of PET, we adjusted the dialysis program of 11 patients and the dialysis adequacy was markedly improved. We concluded that PET was helpful for selecting and adjusting CAPD program, and discussed some questions which should be payed more attention in PET operation.     

Presupposition failure — A comedy of errors

Presuppositions of utterances are the pieces of information you convey with an utterance no matter whether your utterance is true or not. We first study presupposition in a very simple framework of updating propositional information, with examples of how presuppositions of complex propositional updates can be calculated. Next we move on to presuppositions and quantification, in the context of a dynamic version of predicate logic, suitably modified to allow for presupposition failure. In both the propositional and the quantificational case, presupposition failure can be viewed as error abortion of procedures. Thus, a dynamic assertion logic which describes the preconditions for error abortion is the suitable tool for analysing presupposition.