Cancer‐Targeting Graphene Quantum Dots: Fluorescence Quantum Yields,Stability, and Cell Selectivity

Folic acid, due to its high affinity toward folate receptors (FR), is recognized as one of the most promising cancer targeting vectors. However, the inherent defects of low water solubility (1.6 µg mL^?1), high sensitivity toward photo‐bleaching, low fluorescent quantum yields (QYs, <0.5%) seriously limit its practical application. Herein, ultrastable, highly luminescent graphene quantum dots (GQDs) that selectively target diverse cancer cells are prepared and tested. The new GQDs present step changes compared to common folic acid through an ≈6250 times increase in water solubility (to ≈10 mg mL^?1), more than 150 times in QYs (up to ≈77%), while maintaining luminescence stability up to 98% when subjected to UV, visible light, and heating over 360 min. It is shown that the suppression of nonradiative transitions by amino groups pyrolyzed from pterin plays a key role in the mechanism of high QYs and excellent stability. The functional groups that are likely responsible for the selective targeting of cancer cells with different levels of folate receptor expression on the surface are identified. Collectively with these promising properties, the new functional graphene quantum dots may open a new avenue for cancer diagnosis, drug delivery, and therapies.     

一种应用于海上浮标的卫星中继通信终端

为了实现四级海况下海上小型浮标与岸基站数据中心之间的实时通信,设计和研制了一种高速率、低延时和高可靠的S频段卫星中继通信终端。该卫星中继通信终端由S频段中继通信机、抛物面天线、伺服跟踪机构、电源变换模块、温度控制器以及耐10 m水压的天线罩体等组成。终端为直径1 m的半球体,质量小于30 kg,最大峰值功耗小于等于130 W。卫星中继通信终端利用快速捕获跟踪卫星信号技术,能在7 s内迅速捕获和跟踪卫星前向链路信号;采用自适应海况可变码率技术提高了数据传输的可靠性。四级海况下,卫星中继通信终端实现了浮标与岸站之间最大2Mb/s高速率实时数据传输,大回路数据通信误码率小于等于10-5。     

Downlink Performance Analysis of MIMO Relaying Networks

In recent years, there has been an upsurge of interest in relay-augmented infrastructure-based networks. On the other hand, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) wireless system becomes a hot topic for it can achieve significant increases in overall system performance. This paper gives a detailed analysis of downlink performance of MIMO relaying networks, in which different channel models and classic MIMO cellular system model with fixed relay are considered. Our results in single cell scenario show that when meeting effective relay system efficiency of 100%, the required relay SNR gain of 2-antenna system can be reduced to less than half of that with only one transceiver antenna. We also observe that MIMO is more tolerant to interference compared with the one-transceiver antenna system. After that, multi-hop architecture is researched and statistics figures out the tolerable number of hops which is supported in wireless communication with a view to real application. In addition, multi-cell scenario is also studied. Statistics results show that there is more 8 dB average spectral efficiency gain in a two-hop fixed relay 4 × 4 MIMO system than that in a SISO system. These results present significant indications in deployment and optimization of relay-based MIMO networks.     

市售商品补钙制剂的补钙效果观察

本文以大鼠为模型，研究不同化学形式钙以及市售数种钙剂的补钙效果。１．不同化学形式钙的补钙效果：选用三周龄断乳Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠５６只，雌雄各半，喂饲３周缺钙饲料后，按体重随机把大鼠分成４组，即缺钙饲料、补充碳酸钙、活性钙或乳酸钙饲料（３０００ｍｇＣａ／ｋｇ），实验期为１２周。２．市售补钙制剂的补钙效果：选用动物及实验期同实验１，动物数为８４只，按体重随机把大鼠分成７组，即缺钙饲料组，其它６组为补充碳酸钙、钙尔奇－Ｄ、盖天力、活性钙、壮骨宝、巨人补钙饲料（３０００ｍｇＣａ／ｋｇ）。补钙各组大鼠终体重和身长均非常显著高于对照组。补充不同化学形式钙或商品钙制剂组的血浆、红细胞和肝脏中钙含量均显著高于缺钙对照组，补钙各组间无显著差异。多数钙制剂对雄性肾脏钙存留的影响不显著，只有盖天力显著增加雄性肾脏钙存留；补钙对雌性肾脏钙存留的影响非常显著。补充的三种化学形式钙和商品钙剂均显著增加骨矿物质含量，但是碳酸钙和乳酸钙的效果优于活性钙，巨人补钙和活性钙的效果似不如其它钙制剂。按效果价格比，目前碳酸钙仍是最好的钙源。     

三相磁阀式可控电抗器研究及展望

本文介绍了三相磁控电抗器的发展历史和研究现状,分析了不同种类的三相磁控电抗器的工作原理和电磁特性,结合其优缺点对未来的研究做出展望.     

Site‐Selectively Coated,Densely‐Packed Microprojection Array Patches for Targeted Delivery of Vaccines to Skin

Densely packed dry‐coated microprojections are shown to deliver vaccines to targeted locations within the skin that are rich in immune cells, thus inducing protective immune responses against a lethal virus challenge. Selectively limiting the antigen coating to the tips of the projections, which penetrate the skin, would significantly reduce the amount of vaccine required in immunization. In this paper a simple technique, dip‐coating the microprojections, is introduced to meet this goal. By increasing the coating solution viscosity, an otherwise strong capillary action is mitigated and the desired controlled coating length on projections is achieved. Following application to the skin, most of the coated vaccine material is rapidly released from the projections (82.6% in mass within 2 min) to the target locations within the skin strata and a potent immune response is induced when a conventional influenza vaccine (Fluvax) is tested in a mouse model. The utility of this coating approach to a variety of molecules representative of vaccines (e.g., chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA) protein, DNA, and fluorescent dyes) is demonstrated. These collective attributes, together with the simplicity of the approach, position the dip‐coating method for practical utility in large vaccination campaigns.     

Brain surface conformal parameterization using Riemann surface structure

In medical imaging, parameterized 3-D surface models are useful for anatomical modeling and visualization, statistical comparisons of anatomy, and surface-based registration and signal processing. Here we introduce a parameterization method based on Riemann surface structure, which uses a special curvilinear net structure (conformal net) to partition the surface into a set of patches that can each be conformally mapped to a parallelogram. The resulting surface subdivision and the parameterizations of the components are intrinsic and stable (their solutions tend to be smooth functions and the boundary conditions of the Dirichlet problem can be enforced). Conformal parameterization also helps transform partial differential equations (PDEs) that may be defined on 3-D brain surface manifolds to modified PDEs on a two-dimensional parameter domain. Since the Jacobian matrix of a conformal parameterization is diagonal, the modified PDE on the parameter domain is readily solved. To illustrate our techniques, we computed parameterizations for several types of anatomical surfaces in 3-D magnetic resonance imaging scans of the brain, including the cerebral cortex, hippocampi, and lateral ventricles. For surfaces that are topologically homeomorphic to each other and have similar geometrical structures, we show that the parameterization results are consistent and the subdivided surfaces can be matched to each other. Finally, we present an automatic sulcal landmark location algorithm by solving PDEs on cortical surfaces. The landmark detection results are used as constraints for building conformal maps between surfaces that also match explicitly defined landmarks.     

基于体光栅的可调谐线型腔双波长掺镱光纤激光器

论述了均匀加宽增益介质中利用净增益均衡原理同时输出双波长激光的可行性,使得双波长各自的损耗等于增益,抑制模式竞争,便可实现双波长输出。验证了上述原理,搭建的线型腔双波长掺镱光纤(YDF)激光器室温下可以实现单波长输出和双波长输出两种运转状态。单波长或者双波长输出时,转动体光栅角度,利用其分光谱和选波长的特性,均可使得波长分别在1013～1078nm的范围内调谐。双波长同时输出时,其线宽分别约为0.012和0.020nm,最大和最小波长间隔约为65.00和1.04nm。双波长间隔较小时,双波长对彼此的抑制影响较间隔大时更为明显。双波长输出功率均衡稳定,最大输出功率可达40.7mW。输出双波长时,该激光器可用于光子混频和拍频产生太赫兹辐射;输出单波长时,由于其波长可调谐的特性,该激光器可用作光学相干层析(OCT)的调谐光源。     

离子减薄诱发的Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5块状非晶晶化相的相变

用透射电子显微镜研究了锆基块状非晶合金晶化行为，对分别经双喷电解减薄加离子减薄和单纯双喷电解减薄制备的电镜样品进行观察分析，发现离子减薄会导致该合金晶化亚稳相的转变。