Validation of formal specifications through transformation and animation

A significant impediment to the uptake of formal refinement-based methods among practitioners is the challenge of validating that the formal specifications of these methods capture the desired intents. Animation of specifications is widely recognized as an effective way of addressing such validation. However, animation tools are unable to directly execute (and thus animate) the typical uses of several of the specification constructs often found in ideal formal specifications. To address this problem, we have developed transformation heuristics that, starting with an ideal formal specification, guide its conversion into an animatable form. We show several of these heuristics and address the need to prove that the application of these transformations preserves the relevant behavior of the original specification. Portions of several case studies illustrate this approach.     

混合羧酸盐复合驱油体系的研究(Ⅱ)--针对中原极复杂油田

针对中原油田的实际情况,通过动态界面张力、正交试验设计,研究了天然羧酸盐／复碱／DSB(十二烷基羟丙基磺化甜菜碱)驱油体系的性能,得到ASP复合驱油体系配方(w／％)：0．4SDC-M(天然羧酸盐-M)／0．08DSB(十二烷基羟丙基磺化甜菜碱)／0．5复碱(m(Na2CO3)：m(NaHCO3)=1：1)。研究结果表明,所提出的复合驱油体系与中原原油的界面张力能达到10^-3mN／m,是一种优良的驱油体系。     

The influence of antioxidants on the oxidation stability of biodiesel

Oxidation stability of bodiesel is an important issue because FA derivatives are more sensitive to oxidative degradation than mineral fuel. Therefore, in the most recent European Specifications for biodiesel, a minimum value of 6 h for the induction period at 110°C, measured with a Rancimat instrument, is specified. To guarantee this value at the filling station, the use of additional antioxidants will be necessary. In this paper we show the influence of different synthetic and natural antioxidants on the oxidation stability, using the specified test method. Biodiesel produced from rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, used frying oil, and beef tallow, both undistilled and distilled, was investigated. The four synthetic antioxidants pyrogallol (PY), propylgallate (PG), TBHQ, and BHA produced the greatest enhancement of the induction period. These four compounds and the widely used BHT were selected for further studies at concentrations from 100 to 1000 mg/kg. The induction periods of methyl esters from rapeseed, oil, used frying oil, and tallow could be improved significantly with PY, PG, and TBHQ, whereas BHT was not very effective. A good correlation was found between the improvement of the oxidation stability and the FA composition.     

面向中小型企业的CIMS方案设计与实施

阐述了ＣＩＭＳ的概念和当前的发展趋势，在分析中小型企业的生产类型特点的基础上，提出了企业实施ＣＩＭＳ的指导思想，体系结构以及一些关键技术，认为应以最能出效益的ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ／ＣＡＭ和ＭＩＳ为中心，重点放在信息资源的集成。     

NEUTRON DIFFRACTION STUDY ON R_2Fel_(17)N_x(R=Y,Dy,Nd)

The N occupying sites and magnetic structures in R_2Fe_(17)N_x(R=Y,Dy,Nd)are de-termined by neutron diffraction.The effects of the site occupation of N on magneticproperties are discussed primarily.     

GRAPHITE NUCLEI IN CAST IRON UNDER INOCULATION TREATMENT

Melted cast iron was inoculated by FeSi,then quenched to interrupt the dissolution,the non-metallic inclusions,in which the graphite phase was already occured,formed inthe dissolution region,They dissolved into the melt soon,but the inclusions coated bygraphite could exist for along time.The function of inoculant is to create an undercoolingsolution for carbon,thereby the non-metallic inclusions in the solution may be activatedas the nuclei for graphite.     

测定金属薄膜屈服强度的纳米压入法研究

利用有限元数值分析方法,对球形刚性压头压入由金属膜与硅基体组成的膜－基体系的加载过程进行了模拟计算。建立了薄膜硬化指数同载荷－位移曲线的特征值, 服强度,硬化指数及扬氏模量同最大压入载荷间的关系。据此,可由纳米压入仪实测所得载荷－位移曲线的特征值与最大压入载荷,确定金属薄膜材料的应变硬化指数和屈服强度。     

微组装Teflon／Si3N4多层膜的结构和微摩擦磨损性能

利用离子束增强交替溅射聚四氟乙烯和氮化硅靶的方法制备出微组装的Ｔｅｆｌｏｎ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４多层膜,并通过ＰＨＩ－５３００,ＦＴ－ＩＲ２０００,ＸＲＤ和ＡＦＭ／ＦＦＭ等测定了多层膜的结构,力学性能和微观摩擦磨损性能。     

EFFECT OF COLD ROLLING ON THE KINETICS OF δ PHASE PRECIPITATION IN INCONEL 718

采用Ｘ射线衍射测定了冷轧Ｉｎｃｏｎｅｌ７１８合金在不同加热条件下的δ相含量,了冷轧变形对δ相析出动力学影响。结果表明,δ相析出的质量民时间的关系符合Ａｖｒａｍｉ方程,在加热温度为９６０℃时,冷轧变形量对时间指数和δ相析出速率的影响不大;低于９１０℃,随冷轧变形量的增加和加热温度的提高,ｎ值减小而α值增加,δ相的析出速率与加热温度的关系符合Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ方程,随冷轧变形量增加,δ相析出激活能降低