基于导数分析的反应器网络综合方法

对反应器网络综合问题进行了研究，分析了瞬时选择性对关键组份组成的偏导数与最佳反应器类型之间的关系，给出了确定最优反应器的三条规则。对δS/δC符号不变的反应体系，用这些规则可获得最优反应器网络。对一般的反应体系，假设了五种典型S－CA曲线所对应的反应过程，分别对不同曲线类型给出了确定最优反应器网络的方法。此外，按本文方法所得的最优反应器网络结构是一个CSTR或PFR或由CSTR、PFR组成的串联结构。由dS/dCA的符号及其变化情况决定。给出了两个说明本文方法的例子，结果表明本文方法简单并可获得与文献相同或相似的结果。     

Synthesis and optical properties of polyacetylenes containing nonlinear optical chromophores

High molecular weight polyacetylenes bearing nonlinear chromophoric pendants poly[4-ethynyl-4′-(N,N-diethylamino)azobenzene-co-phenylacetylene]s [poly(EAAB-co-PA)s] were synthesized in moderate yields by [Rh(nbd)Cl]₂-Et₃N. The azo unit in the copolymers can be effectively controlled by the monomer feed ratio. Whereas the homopolymer of EAAB possessed low solubility, all the copolymers, however, dissolved readily in common organic solvents when the poly(EAAB) molar content was less than 41.7%. The structures and properties of the polymers were characterized and evaluated by UV, NMR, optical limiting, and nonlinear optical analyses. All the copolymers possessed high stereoregularity and thermal stability (≥300 °C). They can attenuate intense laser pulses, with solutions of high concentrations showing better performances. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility of the copolymers was as high as 4.62×10⁻¹¹ esu, which are two orders of magnitude larger than those of poly(PA), and larger than that of poly(N-carbazoylacetylene), and poly(1-naphthylacetylene).     

Influence of current density on oxygen transfer in an electroflotation cell

The objective of this work is to study the transfer of oxygen from gas to liquid phase in an electroflotation cell. The measurements were performed in a laboratory scale cell using insoluble electrodes, titanium coated with ruthenium oxide as anode and stainless steel as cathode. The volumetric mass transfer coefficient K _L a, was characterized for clean tap water as liquid phase for different values of current density (J). The global coefficient of mass transfer based on the liquid film, K _L , and the specific interfacial area, a, were characterized. A model which relates K _L a to current density was established. Different evaluation criteria of oxygen transfer in electroflotation process were determined and compared with other aeration process.     

废旧电池中有价金属回收利用探讨

随着中国经济的稳步发展和投资环境的不断优化,中国已成为电池的制造和消费大国,每年产生数亿只废旧电池。对废旧电池的回收利用已成为全社会关注的问题。介绍了废旧电池中有价金属的回收利用方法,着重介绍了锂离子二次电池正极材料有价金属的回收利用方法。指出,中国商品化的正极材料只有钴酸锂（LiCoO2）,这种正极材料钴含量高,且钴价值高,并且回收工艺可行,因此,从钴酸锂正极材料中回收钴等有价金属,对发展中国的循环经济具有重要意义。同时介绍了锂离子二次电池正极材料的研究现状。     

废钴钼系催化剂中金属的全回收新工艺研究

开发了一种用于废Co/Mo/γ-Al2O3催化剂的金属全回收工艺.首先将催化剂在通空气的情况下进行氧化燃烧以除去碳和硫.焙烧后样品经浓氨水多次浸取,得到的溶液部分先用锌置换络合物中的少量钴,之后加硝酸回收MoO3;氨浸后的滤渣用硫酸溶解,加硫酸铵分离出氨明矾,以去掉大部分铝;所得少量浓缩液去掉铁等杂质之后,加过量氨使钴形成络合物,再用锌粉置换出金属钴粉.Mo、Al、Co的回收率分别大于90%、85%和90%.     

共沉淀法制备三元系铋基焦绿石型陶瓷粉体

采用改进的Mergen A．方案，用氧化锌、三氧化二铋、三氧化二锑为原料，氨水、草酸铵和碳酸铵分别为沉淀剂，盐酸为溶剂，用共沉淀法成功制备了亚微米级颗粒、高活性的铋基Bi1.5ZnSb1.5O7（BZS）焦绿石型介电陶瓷粉体。探讨了用不同的沉淀剂、在不同的烧结温度所得产物的形态。结果表明氨水做沉淀剂在570℃就可生成纯的焦绿石结构。与Mergen A方法相比成本大大降低，可以使瓷片组织的均匀性提高，电性能得到改善，电压梯度下降。     

The ageing Australian firefighter: an argument for age-based recruitment and fitness standards for urban fire services

Currently, there is no enforcement of physical standards within Australian fire services post-recruitment, possibly leading to inappropriate fitness and body composition. This study evaluated the impacts of ageing on physical standards of Australian firefighters. Seventy-three firefighters from three different 10-year age groups [25–34 years (n = 27), 35–44 years (n = 27), 45–54 years (n = 19)] volunteered for physical testing using dual-energy X-ray analysis and existing fitness tests used for recruitment by an Australian fire service. Older (45–54 years) participants demonstrated significantly poorer physical standards compared with younger participants including cardiovascular fitness (p < 0.05), strength (p = 0.001) and simulated operational power testing tasks (p < 0.001). Age-related body composition changes were also observed independent of body mass index. Minimum recruitment standards and fitness programs need to account for age-related declines in physical capabilities to ensure that the minimum standard is maintained regardless of age.

Practitioner Summary: Using dual-energy X-ray analysis and established fitness testing protocols, this study aimed to gain an appreciation of the current standards of body composition and fitness of Australian firefighters and the effects of ageing on their physical abilities post-recruitment. The study demonstrated a significant decline in physical standards due to age.     

Ce:Nd:ZnWO4激光晶体的生长及其光谱性能

采用提拉法生长出光学质量的Nd:ZnWO4,Ce:ZnWO4和Ce:Nd:ZnWO4晶体.通过X射线衍射仪对晶体样品的微观结构进行了分析.测试了晶体的吸收光谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱和荧光光谱.根据Judd-Ofelt理论计算出Nd:ZnWO4晶体中Nd3 的强度参数为:Ω2=6.820 2×10-20 cm2,Ω4=0.463 3×10-20 cm2,Ω6=0.443 5×10-20 cm2.研究了Ce3 和Nd3 之间的能量转移现象.结果表明:Nd3 在850 nm激发时产生上转换发射峰位于474 nm和572 nm处,分别对应于2G9/2,4K13/2到基态能级4I9/2跃迁,计算出该峰的自发辐射几率为1 360 s-1,荧光寿命为7.353×10-4 s,发射截面为0.905 9×10-23 cm2.     

溶液中钙离子对玻璃颗粒电泳沉积的影响

研究了玻璃颗粒在乙醇溶液中对Ca^2 的选择吸附，反转了玻璃颗粒在乙醇中的荷电性质，使玻璃颗粒能够在乙醇中与羟基磷灰石发生共沉积。讨论了不同离子浓度下电泳沉积的沉积量与沉积电流的变化情况，并以此对Ca^2 在电泳沉积中的作用进行了分析。实验结果证实：悬浮液中Ca^2 或吸附到玻璃颗粒上，改变其荷电性质；或留在溶液中，作为电泳沉积过程中电流的主要承载者。离子浓度对电泳沉积的效果有重要的影响，离子浓度太低或太高都易使涂层出现缺陷。分析了不同沉积条件下电泳沉积所得涂层的各种缺陷及其成因。     

Regressing Local to Global Shape Properties for Online Segmentation and Tracking

We propose a novel regression based framework that uses online learned shape information to reconstruct occluded object contours. Our key insight is to regress the global, coarse, properties of shape from its local properties, i.e. its details. We do this by representing shapes using their 2D discrete cosine transforms and by regressing low frequency from high frequency harmonics. We learn this regression model using Locally Weighted Projection Regression which expedites online, incremental learning. After sufficient observation of a set of unoccluded shapes, the learned model can detect occlusion and recover the full shapes from the occluded ones. We demonstrate the ideas using a level-set based tracking system that provides shape and pose, however, the framework could be embedded in any segmentation-based tracking system. Our experiments demonstrate the efficacy of the method on a variety of objects using both real data and artificial data.