Efficiency enhancements in Ag nanoparticles-SiO2-TiO2 sandwiched structure via plasmonic effect-enhanced light capturing

TiO₂-SiO₂-Ag composites are fabricated by depositing TiO₂ films on silica substrates embedded with Ag nanoparticles. Enhancement of light absorption of the nanostructural composites is observed. The light absorption enhancement of the synthesized structure in comparison to TiO₂ originated from the near-field enhancement caused by the plasmonic effect of Ag nanoparticles, which can be demonstrated by the optical absorption spectra, Raman scattering investigation, and the increase of the photocatalytic activity. The embedded Ag nanoparticles are formed by ion implantation, which effectively prevents Ag to be oxidized through direct contact with TiO₂. The suggested incorporation of plasmonic nanostructures shows a great potential application in a highly efficient photocatalyst and ultra-thin solar cell.     

新型液体钠锌热稳定剂在聚氯乙烯中的应用研究

采用热老化烘箱法和电导法研究了一种新型液体钠锌热稳定剂在聚氯乙烯(PVC)中的应用,并进行了热稳定性、力学性能、热分解动力学性能的研究。结果表明,当钠、锌离子质量比(Na/Zn)=1/1时,PVC热稳定时间达到48min,表现出优良的长期热稳定性;添加该热稳定剂的PVC软制品具有优良的力学性能;液体钠锌热稳定剂的加入使PVC的稳定性得到显著增强。     

建筑用水基型胶粘剂中水分含量的测定研究

首先建立了建筑用水基型胶粘剂中水分含量的测定方法;然后以取样量、加热炉的加热温度和混合时间等为试验因素,采用单因素试验法优选出测定水基型胶粘剂中水分含量的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:当取样量为20 mg、加热炉的加热温度为170℃和混合时间为60 s时,水基型胶粘剂中水分含量的测定结果具有良好的重现性(平均回收率为93%¹00%,相对标准偏差为1.6%100%,相对标准偏差为1.6%⁵.3%);应用该方法和标准推荐的方法测定不同类型水基型胶粘剂的水分含量,两者结果相近,并且前者的操作更简单、更快速且取样量更少。     

乙二醇生产技术的发展及比较分析

石油路线乙二醇生产技术主要有非催化水合法、催化水合法、乙二醇和碳酸二甲酯联产法等,非石油路线乙二醇生产技术主要有氧化偶联法、甲醛甲醇合成法、草酸二酯法等;综述了国内外乙二醇生产技术的发展应用情况及研究进展,对不同的乙二醇生产技术进行了比较分析,并提出煤制乙二醇技术的发展方向。     

固体酸催化合成2-乙酰噻吩

制备了磷酸/活性白土、FeCl3/活性白土、Fe(III)树脂、SO42-/Fe2O3等固体酸催化剂,并考察了其对噻吩与乙酸酐反应合成2-乙酰噻吩的催化性能。结果表明,磷酸/活性白土的催化效果较好。在适宜的反应条件下,以磷酸/活性白土为催化剂,合成2-乙酰噻吩的收率达到90%,选择性高于99%。催化剂重复使用4次后,活性有一定的下降。     

Model‐based design and optimization of the microscale mass transfer structure in the anode catalyst layer for direct methanol fuel cell

Microscale mass transfer structure in the anode catalyst layer (CL) can significantly alter the performance of a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) because it changes both the oxidation rate and crossover flux of methanol. The microscale mass transfer structure can be modified by changing the loading of the pore former (PF). An empirical model was developed for the microstructural design and optimization of anode CL by incorporating the PF into the anode CL. The optimal loading of PF is 100 g/m² according to the calculated results. Experimental results confirmed the accuracy of the calculations, and the passive DMFC performs 37% better by incorporating the optimal loading of PF into the anode CL as compared to the conventional anode CL. The validity of the proposed empirical model can also be proven by comparing the calculated polarization results with the previously reported experimental data. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 780–786, 2013     

超低挥发性有机化合物水性内墙涂料的研制

超低挥发性有机化合物水性内墙乳胶漆以其安全、环保等特点持续性地吸引业内的关注.此文叙述了不用成膜助剂制备环保型内墙乳胶漆,主要采取两种不同方式：低玻璃化转变温度（Tg）乳液结合高PVC（颜料体积浓度）;高Tg、低Tg两种乳液混拼,结果证明,上述两种方案均可以获得成膜良好的超低VOC水性内墙乳胶漆.     

3种脂肪酸鉀皂在洗衣液配方中的应用研究

脂肪酸皂是一种常用的控泡剂.通过在洗衣液中添加不同碳链的脂肪酸皂,探讨6％含量的脂肪酸皂的加入对同一体系的稳定性及使用性能的影响.结果表明,单一脂肪酸皂在体系中的表现不一样,氢化椰子油酸消泡、降粘、低温易析出,月桂酸稳泡、降粘、低温稳定,油酸稳泡、增粘、低温稳定.通过比较漂洗、去污、稳定性、粘度,油酸与氢化椰子油酸的复配能同时满足洗衣液配方的各项性能,为研制低泡易漂洗衣液提供思路.     

A fluorescent probe for the determination of Ce4+ in aqueous media

A rhodamine-based probe bearing an N,N-dimethylaniline unit was developed as a fluorescent chemodosimeter for Ce⁴⁺ in aqueous media. Importantly, the sensor can selectively respond to Ce⁴⁺ over other commonly coexistent metal ions (such as La³⁺, Ce³⁺, Pr³⁺, Nd³⁺, Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, Gd³⁺, Er³⁺, Tb³⁺, Ho³⁺, Tm³⁺, Yb³⁺, Lu³⁺, Y³⁺) in aqueous media with a rapid response time. The system, which utilizes an irreversible Ce⁴⁺-promoted oxidation reaction, responds instantaneously at room temperature with linear proportionality to the amount of Ce⁴⁺.     

Facile synthesis of single crystalline SnO2 nanowires

Single crystalline SnO₂ nanowires with diameter in the range of 10–100 nm and several micrometers in length have been successfully prepared by the combustion technique in air using Al, Cu₂O and SnO as the raw materials. FE–SEM and TEM images showed that the nanowires were single crystalline, growing along the [310] direction. The nanowires' growth mechanism was suggested to follow both VLS and VS mechanisms. The formation of SnO₂ nanowires underwent three steps: tin vapor generation via combustion synthesis, oxidation of the tin vapor and its nucleation and subsequent growth. At the same time, porous Al₂O₃ ceramic and Cu–Sn alloy were obtained during the combustion synthesis process.