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251.
252.
Chen S.F. Kingsbury B. Lidia Mangu Povey D. Saon G. Soltau H. Zweig G. 《IEEE transactions on audio, speech, and language processing》2006,14(5):1596-1608
This paper describes the technical and system building advances made in IBM's speech recognition technology over the course of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Effective Affordable Reusable Speech-to-Text (EARS) program. At a technical level, these advances include the development of a new form of feature-based minimum phone error training (fMPE), the use of large-scale discriminatively trained full-covariance Gaussian models, the use of septaphone acoustic context in static decoding graphs, and improvements in basic decoding algorithms. At a system building level, the advances include a system architecture based on cross-adaptation and the incorporation of 2100 h of training data in every system component. We present results on English conversational telephony test data from the 2003 and 2004 NIST evaluations. The combination of technical advances and an order of magnitude more training data in 2004 reduced the error rate on the 2003 test set by approximately 21% relative-from 20.4% to 16.1%-over the most accurate system in the 2003 evaluation and produced the most accurate results on the 2004 test sets in every speed category. 相似文献
253.
实施取水定额管理的几个关键问题探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对全国23个省级单位出台的用水定额标准进行分析,指出目前定额管理存在6个主要问题:一是概念模糊,二是制定方法不统一、不规范,三是定额标准体系不完善,四是可操作性较差,五是计量系统不完善,六是缺乏取水定额管理信息化平台。提出应采用“取水定额”这一表述,并提出了取水定额的体系,包括基础计量体系、定额制定体系、信息链体系、定期更新体系4部分。明确了取水定额管理体系建设主要内容应包括:法律法规体系、定额制定体系、水价管理体系、信息通道体系。 相似文献
254.
Li Yonghua Wang Chunbo Chen Hongwei 《Frontiers of Energy and Power Engineering in China》2007,1(1):96-100
Power plants in China have to burn blended coal instead of one specific coal for a variety of reasons. So it is of great necessity
to investigate the combustion of blended coals. Using a test rig with a capacity of 640 MJ/h with an absolute milling system
and flue gas online analysis system, characteristics such as burnout, slag, and pollution of some blended coals were investigated.
The ratio of coke and slag as a method of distinguishing coal slagging characteristic was introduced. The results show that
the blending of coal has some effect on NO
x
but there is no obvious rule. SO
x
emission can be reduced by blending low sulfur coal.
Translated from Proceedings of the CSEE, 2005, 25(18): 97–103 [译自: 中国电机工程学报] 相似文献
255.
On the basis of Odum's ecological economic measure of emergy as embodied solar energy, a system account of biomass resource exploitation by agriculture in China 2004 is developed in this paper, which supplements a former study on corresponding long-term historical trends during 1978 to 2000 (Chen et al., 2006. Emergy-based analysis of the Chinese agriculture. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 115, 161–173). The aggregate fluxes and indicators for biomass resource exploitation in China 2004 are calculated and illustrated when compared with those for 2000 to elucidate the latest status of the Chinese agriculture as the exploitation sector for biomass resource. Data sources and algorithm are presented in detail as basic references for related analysis involving the ecological economy of biomass exploitation in agriculture. 相似文献
256.
Fanggao Chang Tao Li Yongxia Ge Zhenping Chen Zhongshi Liu Xiping Jing 《Journal of Materials Science》2007,42(17):7109-7115
DC resistivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and positron annihilation spectra of (Ba1−x
Ho
x
)TiO3 ceramics have been measured as a function of holmium concentration x. It has been found that the DC resistivity of (Ba1−x
Ho
x
)TiO3 is strongly dependent on the Ho content: it decreases three orders of magnitude and reaches a minimum at x = 0.4%. Doping with 0.6% holmium increases the permittivity of BaTiO3 by approximately three times (from ∼1,300 to ∼4,000), with only a slight increase in the corresponding dielectric loss. The
local electron density and defect concentration estimated using positron annihilation technique conforms well to the features
found in the dielectric and resistivity measurements. The results have been discussed in terms of a mixed compensation model. 相似文献
257.
258.
Tzong-Yow Tsai Zhi-Cheng Lee Jong-Rong Chen Chi-Chung Chen Yen-Cheng Fang Ming-Hong Cha 《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》2005,41(5):741-746
A novel ultracompact 2/spl times/2 wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) for 1.55-/spl mu/m operation based on highly dispersive two-mode interference (TMI) was designed, theoretically modeled, and verified using a finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) method. A two-moded waveguide assisted with a dispersive tooth-shaped grating provided a mode-dependent reflection band of central wavelength at 1.55 /spl mu/m. The wavelengths of 1538 and 1572 nm that were at the band edges and had the lowest reflection losses and relatively high dispersion were selected for wavelength multiplexing. The result showed that the wavelengths were separated by grating dispersion in a coupler length of 75 /spl mu/m which was much shorter than the required length of 1.1 mm in a regular TMI multiplexer of no grating. Insertion loss of about 1.7 dB and channel contrast of about 12 dB were achieved. 相似文献
259.
260.
CMOS电路中抗Latch-up的保护环结构研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
闩锁是CMOS集成电路中的一种寄生效应,这种PNPN结构一旦被触发,从电源到地会产生大电流,导致整个芯片的失效。针对芯片在实际测试中发现的闩锁问题,介绍了闩锁的测试方法,并且利用软件Tsuprem4和Medici模拟整个失效过程,在对2类保护环(多子环/少子环)作用的分析,以及各种保护结构的模拟基础之上,通过对比触发电压和电流,得到一种最优的抗Latch up版图设计方法,通过进一步的流片、测试,解决了芯片中的闩锁失效问题,验证了这种结构的有效性。 相似文献