A fonnalism for generating multiparametric encoding gradients in NMR tomography

A general mathematical formalism for generating multiparametric NMR image encoding gradients is introduced. The new schematic approach enables one to construct any desired encoding gradient which may be used in an imaging sequence. Basic gradient waveforms which can be used as building blocks of the desired encoding gradients are presented. A matrix operator for obtaining the encoding gradient for any kind of phase encoding is derived. Specific examples illustrating how to obtain "pure" spatial, velocity, or acceleration encoding gradients for moving spins are presented.     

One-step molten salt carbonization of tobacco stem for capacitive carbon

Journal of Porous Materials - High-performance carbon materials for supercapacitors were prepared by a one-step molten salt carbonization of tobacco stem in molten carbonate. Physicochemical...     

含多端口能量路由器的多能互补系统故障保护功能测试研究

针对某区域用电负荷存在严重的季节性过载现象,以及可再生能源存在功率波动大、稳定性较差的问题,研制了多能(含水电、光伏、储能)、多端口的能量路由器装置及其能量管理系统.综合考虑当地多场景运行,解决了季节性过载问题,实现了能量的合理配置与利用.首先,对比分析选定能量路由器各端口变换器的拓扑结构;然后,对多场景下的工作模式进行介绍;最后,对含能量路由器的多能互补系统进行故障保护功能测试.测试结果表明,该系统具有较好的故障保护功能,有效实现了不同场景下的工作模式切换,直流母线电压稳定以及上层功率指令跟踪等功能,解决了当地用电负荷季节性过载和可再生能源功率波动较大的问题.     

关节式电分相电磁暂态过程研究

关节式电分相是电气化铁路牵引供电系统较为薄弱的环节,电力机车在通过关节式电分相时经常会产生过电压现象,过电压可能会造成机车放电间隙击穿、牵引所馈线保护跳闸,严重影响铁路的安全运营.从实测结果来看,机车在过渡区和中性区行驶时过电压会持续存在一段时间,与以往对关节式电分相产生过电压的研究作对比,分析造成电磁暂态过程以及过电压延续的原因可能是机车的移动.在MATLAB/Simulink软件上建立了机车过关节式电分相的仿真模型,用多个离散过程来近似模拟机车过电分相的连续过程,最后与实测波形对比,验证等效模型是有效的.     

CHARAC TERIZATION OF TiAl POWDER PRODUCED BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING

The microstructure,alloying reaction and sintering behavior of the powder produced by Mechanical Al-loying(MA)for 8 h from 64 wt.-% Ti powder and 36 wt.-% Al powder were studied by scanning electronmicroscopy,optical microscopy,X-ray diffractometry,differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and dilatometry.The mechanically alloyed powder partictes are Ti-Al composite particles.Thus,titanium aluminides can formeasily in the powder through diffusion during heat treatment.It is shown that the sintering behavior of this pow-der,different from the behaviors of TiAl alloy powder and mixed powder of 64 wt.-% Ti powder and 36 wt.-%Al powder,changes from expansion at temperatures below 1000℃ to shrinkage at temperatures above 1000℃.Homogeneously alloyed TiAl material with a density over 96% of the theoretical density can be produced fromthe mechanically alloyed powder by compaction-sintering.     

Properties of poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) prepared by reverse atom transfer radical polymerization in an aqueous dispersed system

Reverse atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of n‐butyl methacrylate (BMA) in waterborne media using Cu(II) complexes with azo initiators (i.e., reverse ATRP) was conducted. The influence of several factors, such as surfactant, catalyst, and reaction time, on the stability of the emulsion, the particle size, the morphology of the emulsion particles, and the control of the polymerization was investigated. The results showed great differences between ATRP and conventional emulsion polymerization, especially the nucleation mechanism and the kinetics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1542–1547, 2003     

Transformation of β-Ni(OH)2 to NiO nano-sheets via surface nanocrystalline zirconia coating: Shape and size retention

Shape and size of the synthesized NiO nano-sheets were retained during transformation of sheet-like β-Ni(OH)₂ to NiO at elevated temperatures via nano-sized zirconia coating on the surface of β-Ni(OH)₂. The average grain size was 6.42 nm after 600 °C treatment and slightly increased to 10 nm after 1000 °C treatment, showing effective sintering retardation between NiO nano-sheets. The excellent thermal stability revealed potential application at elevated temperatures, especially for high temperature catalysts and solid-state electrochemical devices.     

铟（Ⅲ）－钼酸铵－罗丹明B显色反应体系的研究及其应用

铟（Ⅲ）与钼酸铵和罗丹明Ｂ在ＰＶＡ存在下的酸性水溶液中形成离子缔合物而产生显色反应，该体系的灵敏度高，摩尔吸光系数ε＝２．４４×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１ｃｍ－１，离子缔合物稳定性好，至少稳定４８ｈ。研究了显色体系的光度特性和３０多种共存离子的影响，该法应用于纯锡中痕量铟的测定，结果满意。     

我国化肥催化剂工业现状

全国48家化肥催化剂制造厂总能力为57Kt/a,产量近30kt/a,设备利用率不到50%。平均万吨氨耗催化剂10.36t,高于国外5.60t水平。现生产31个品种203个型号的催化剂中有103种经部级鉴定,但经常使用的约50种。目前化肥催化剂工业水平与国外相比还存在四方面差距。     

超临界流体技术应用研究

超临界流体技术具有许多传统技术所没有的快速，高效，低能耗，污染少等优点，在材料制备，医药工业，生物工程，食物，环境，化工等许多方面展现了广阔的应用前景。综述了其在萃取，材料制备和作为反应介质等方面的应用。