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31.
理论分析了PPT光纤波片耦合模方程,得出了一定条件下的解析解,将该解析解和渐进近似结果进行了比较,它们在实际应用的PPT光纤波片中具有很好的一致性。 相似文献
32.
山洪灾害预警准确度与及时度研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
山洪灾害预警准确度与及时度是一对相互矛盾而又联系的重要指标。文章通过对这两项指标的研究和对引发灾害的降雨强度、降雨以及灾害发生的时间资料进行分析,从而获取预警系统建设的基本技术要点和参数,对把握山洪灾害预警系统的设计定位、启用时机和作用评估具有重要作用和意义。 相似文献
33.
34.
Han-Jun Oh Jong-Ho Lee Hong-Joo Ahn Yongsoo Jeong Chang-Hoe Heo Choong-Soo Chi 《Journal of Electroceramics》2006,17(2-4):369-373
The characteristics and growth behaviors of alumina dielectric layer formed by anodic oxidation were investigated. The aluminum oxide layer anodized at 400 V was predominantly amorphous alumina, but at the applied potentials more than 500 V, amorphous and crystalline γ-alumina were existed in anodic oxide layer and the ratio of γ-alumina increased with the increasing applied potential. During the heat treatment at 600°C or higher temperature, amorphous alumina layer was transformed into the crystalline γ-alumina. The phase transition of anodic amorphous alumina into crystalline depends on anodic applied potentials and heat-treatment temperatures. 相似文献
35.
Ching‐Nan Chuang Liang Chao Ying‐Jie Huang Tar‐Hwa Hsieh Hung‐Yi Chuang Shu‐Chi Lin Ko‐Shan Ho 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,107(6):3917-3924
The synthesis of a p‐toluidine/formaldehyde (PTF) resin was performed, and the effects of the molar ratio of the individual monomers and the polymerization conditions on the structure of the PTF resin were studied. Fourier transform infrared and 13C‐NMR spectra were used to characterize the PTF. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed the crystalline structures of various PTFs. Polarized optical microscopy revealed that the molar ratio of the monomers had a strong effect on the crystalline morphologies. A longer polymerization time turned out a polymer with a higher intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight, which led to differences in the proton conductivity. All of the PTFs showed a higher proton conductivity than a commercial Nafion membrane at 90–100°C and 0% relative humidity. The proton conductivity of the PTF series could be improved by sulfonation with sulfuric acid and could be maintained after blending with polyurethane. Pure methanol could be used as a fuel source because of the insolubility and nonwetting properties of PTF in methanol to increase the output current density for a PTF membrane electrode assembly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008 相似文献
36.
Using chloroform/dimethylformamide (CF/DMF) co-solvent, electrospinning of poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] (PHB) solutions was carried out at ambient temperature. The effects of the applied voltage (V), flow-rate (Q), and solution viscoelastic properties on the Taylor cone, electrified jet, and fiber morphology were investigated. In addition, the electric field developed by the needle-plate electrode configuration was calculated using a finite element analysis to reveal the tip-to-collector (H) effect. Among the processing parameters (V, Q and H), it was found that Q played a key role in determining the jet diameter (dj) and electrospun fiber diameter (df), and scaling laws existed between them, i.e., dj-Q0.61 and df-Q0.33. The diameter reduction ratios of Do/dj (Do is the needle diameter) and dj/df were measured as 50-120 and 5-10, respectively; it suggested that major jet stretching took place in the straight electrified jet region, and further chain orientation could be gained by the subsequent process of jet whipping. By changing PHB concentrations from 5 to 15 wt%, the solution viscosity (ηo) was increased from 100 to 4900 cP, whereas the surface tension and solution conductivity remained unchanged; it provided a good model solution to exclusively reveal the ηo effect on the electrospinning process. Our results showed that the ηo-dependence of dj and df also followed simple scaling laws: dj-ηo0.06, and df-ηo0.39, with a prefactor depending on the processing variables, mainly the flow-rate. Regardless of the PHB concentrations used, the obtained PHB fibers showed a similar crystallinity fraction of ca. 0.63 and possession of major α-crystals together with a small amount of β-crystals with zigzag chain conformation. 相似文献
37.
The effect of end groups (2NH2) of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) on the miscibility and crystallization behaviors of binary crystalline blends of PEG/poly(L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) were investigated. The results of conductivity meter and dielectric analyzer (DEA) implied the existence of ions, which could be explained by the amine groups of PEG gaining the protons from the carboxylic acid groups of PLLA. The miscibility of PEG(2NH2)/PLLA blends was the best because of the ionic interaction as compared with PEG(2OH, 1OH‐1CH3, and 2CH3)/PLLA blends. Since the ionic interaction formed only at the chain ends of PEG(2NH2) and PLLA, unlike hydrogen bonds forming at various sites along the chains in the other PEG/PLLA blend systems, the folding of PLLA blended with PEG(2NH2) was affected in a different manner. Thus the fold surface free energy played an important role on the crystallization rate of PLLA for the PEG(2NH2)/PLLA blend system. PLLA had the least fold surface free energy and the fast crystallization rate in the PEG(2NH2)/PLLA blend system, among all the PEG/PLLA systems studied. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
38.
Han‐Lang Wu Chen‐Chi M. Ma Chun‐Chieh Lin Yie‐Chan Chiu Chih‐Yuan Chen Chin‐Lung Chiang 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,107(5):3236-3243
Poly(arylene ether benzonitrile) (PAEBN) was synthesized with 2,6‐dichlorobenzonitrile and biphenol. PAEBNs with various molecular weights (MWs), 1,640,000 and 185,000 g/mol, were synthesized by control of the stoichiometry of the monomers and were blended with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK). The effects of MW on the water uptake, swelling, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity of the SPEEK/PAEBN blend membranes were investigated. The molecular mobility of the SPEEK/PAEBN blends was also examined in this study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
39.
Solution-chemistry analysis of ammonium bicarbonate consumption in rare-earth-element precipitation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
R. Chi Z. Zhou Z. Xu Y. Hu G. Zhu S. Xu 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2003,34(5):611-617
A solution-chemistry analysis is applied to estimating the consumption of ammonium bicarbonate in the recovery of rare-earth
(RE) elements from leachates of weathered clays. The theoretical analysis shows that a two-step process is needed for recovering
RE from the leachates of the weathered clays by precipitation using ammonium bicarbonate. The first step is a precipitation
at solution pH 5 to remove impurities such as Fe and Al. The second step is to precipitate RE by adjusting the solution pH
above 8. The consumption of ammonium bicarbonate was found to depend on the concentration of RE elements and impurities in
the leachates. The total amount of ammonium bicarbonate consumption for the entire process was determined experimentally,
and the results showed an excellent agreement with that calculated based on solution-chemistry analysis. The decomposition
of H2CO3 was identified as one of the main causes of ammonium bicarbonate overdose, accounting for up to 41 pct in comparison to 20
pct consumption for the removal of impurities. The amount of ammonium bicarbonate required in terms of the NH4HCO3: RE2O3 (RE oxides) molar ratio was found to be 4:1 for maximal RE recovery. An overall RE recovery around 90 pct was achieved with
a product purity being about 90 pct. 相似文献
40.