活塞式内燃机燃用沼气的研究

简要介绍了沼气的产生、成分、物理化学性能以及活塞式内燃机燃用沼气可能发生的燃烧速度慢、后燃严重、排气温度高与热负荷大等问题，提出了掺烧和快速全烧两大措施；并相应研制出沼气-柴油双燃料发动机和火花点火全沼气发动机发电机组来适应这两种燃烧方式，取得了较好效果。最后提出将沼气提纯、加压，使其性能接近压缩天然气来作为汽车燃料的方案。     

Properties of CuIn1−xGaxSe2

Polycrystalline bulk samples of CuIn_1−xGa_xSe₂ weregrown with nominal x = 0.15, 0.25 and 0.5. Mobility, conductivity and band gap were measured at room and low temperatures. Mobilities for x = 0.21 were several hundred cm² V⁻¹s⁻¹ at room temperature and for x = 0.15 were 10³ cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹, all n type. The band gaps were estimated from the spectra of photoelectrochemical cells at room temperature (with 8.5 K photoluminescence estimates shown in brackets), as 1.10 eV (1.14) for x = 0.21, and 1.07 eV (1.093) for x = 0.15. Crystal mechanical properties as regards cracks were not as good as for CuInSe₂, using similar growth techniques.     

Environmental-adaptive indoor radio path loss model for wireless sensor networks localization

In the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) based indoor wireless sensor networks localization system, RSSI measurements are very susceptible to multipath fading, anisotropy of antenna, low supply voltage of node and so on, which will cause the system failure to achieve a high location accuracy. This paper presents an environmental-adaptive path loss model. In the process of localization, the calibrated coefficient LSV of low supply voltage, which can be determined by monitoring the supply voltage of the sender, is used to calibrate ranging errors caused by its low supply voltage. The blind node utilizes the absolute value of RSSI to generate the phase of the corresponding receiver's location so as to determine the correction coefficient of indoor multipath fading R_i. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of RSSI measurements, we also take full consideration of the effect of antenna to accurately determine the corresponding path loss model of the two communication nodes. The proposed path loss model is suitable for the majority of wireless location systems that are on the basis of RSSI-based ranging techniques. Experiment results show that the estimation accuracy and adaptability of the proposed path loss model are significantly higher than that of the traditional one.     

Effect of mixed solvents on PCDTBT:PC70BM based solar cells

We investigated the effect of solvents on the morphology, charge transport and device performance of poly[N-9″-hepta-decanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)] (PCDTBT) and [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₀BM) based solar cells. To carry out this investigation, chloroform and 1,2-dichlorobenzene were chosen as good solvents of the two compounds. Films prepared with chloroform exhibit larger domains than those prepared with 1,2-dichlorobenzene and their size increases with the amount of PC₇₀BM. Fine tuning of the domain size was realized by using a solvent of mixed chloroform and 1,2-dichlorobenzene. At a mixing ratio of 50%:50%, a power conversion efficiency of 6.1% was achieved on PCDTBT:PC₇₀BM (1:3) devices with an active area of 1 cm², under air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5 G) irradiation at 100 mW/cm².     

A Biocompatible Arginine‐Based Polycation

Self assembly between cations and anions is ubiquitous throughout nature. Important biological structures such as chromatin often use poly­valent assembly between a polycation and a polyanion. The biomedical importance of synthetic polycations arises from their affinity to polyanions such as nucleic acid and heparan sulfate. However, the limited biocompatibility of synthetic polycations hampers the realization of their immense potential. By examining biocompatible cationic peptides, we hypothesize that a biocompatible polycation should be biodegradable and made from endogenous cations. We design an arginine‐based biodegradable polycation and demonstrate that it is more compatible by several orders of magnitude than conventional polycations in vitro and in vivo. This biocompatibility diminishes when L ‐arginine is substituted with D ‐arginine or when the biodegradable ester linker is changed to a biostable ether linker. We believe that this design can lead to many biocompatible polycations that can significantly advance a wide range of applications including controlled release, tissue engineering, biosensing, and medical devices.     

Cu2O Nanocrystal‐Templated Growth of Cu2S Nanocages with Encapsulated Au Nanoparticles and In‐Situ Transmission X‐ray Microscopy Study

Cubic and octahedral Cu₂O nanocrystals and Au–Cu₂O core–shell heterostructures are used as sacrificial templates for the growth of Cu₂S nanocages and Au–Cu₂S core–cage structures. A rapid sulfidation process involving a surface reaction of Cu₂O nanocrystals with Na₂S, followed by etching of the Cu₂O cores with HCl solution for ≈5 sec, results in the fabrication of Cu₂S cages with a wall thickness of 10–20 nm. Transmission electron microscopy characterization reveals the formation of crystalline walls and the presence of ultrasmall pores with sizes of 1 nm or less. Formation of Cu₂O–Cu₂S core–shell structures and their conversion into Cu₂S cages is verified by UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. X‐ray photoelectron spectra further confirm the composition of the cages as Cu₂S. The entire hollowing process via the Kirkendall effect is recorded using in‐situ transmission X‐ray microscopy. After shell formation, continuous ionic diffusion removes the interior Cu₂O. Intermediate structures with remaining central Cu₂O portions and bridging arms to the surrounding cages are observed. The nanocages are also shown to allow molecular transport: anthracene and pyrene penetration into the cages leads to enhanced fluorescence quenching immediately upon adsorption onto the surfaces of the encapsulated gold nanocrystals.     

移动宽带互联网热点业务及商业模式浅析

综述移动宽带互联网正在发生的变化,对LBS、应用商店及UGC所影响的业务和热点商业模式进行了介绍和分析。     

一款灌入/拉出3A电流跨导驱动快速瞬态响应低漏失稳压器

本文设计了一款可以灌入(sink)和拉出(source)3A电流,低电源、低功耗的CMOS低漏失电压线性稳压器。采用电流镜像结Gm(跨导)驱动的LDO架构可以获得高稳定性和快速负载瞬态响应。基于UMC 0.5um标准CMOS工艺投片验证,芯片面积为1.0mm2。空载时该LDO静态电流为220uA,最大带载3A。测试表明,使用30uF陶瓷电容,在-1.8A到 1.8A 0.1us负载跳变时,该LDO可以在低于2us的时间达到稳态,且过冲小于1mV。     

A 0.13μm CMOS Δ ∑ fractional-N frequency synthesizer for WLAN transceivers

A fractional-N frequency synthesizer fabricated in a 0.13μm CMOS technology is presented for the application of IEEE 802.11 b/g wireless local area network(WLAN) transceivers.A monolithic LC voltage controlled oscillator(VCO) is implemented with an on-chip symmetric inductor.The fractional-TV frequency divider consists of a pulse swallow frequency divider and a 3rd-order multistage noise shaping(MASH)△Σmodulator with noise-shaped dithering techniques.Measurement results show that in all channels,phase noise of the synthesizer achieves -93 dBc/Hz and -118 dBc/Hz in band and out of band respectively with a phase-frequency detector (PFD) frequency of 20 MHz and a loop bandwidth of 100 kHz.The integrated RMS phase error is no more than 0.8°.The proposed synthesizer consumes 8.4 mW from a 1.2 V supply and occupies an area of 0.86 mm~2.     

LED静电损伤在老化过程中的变化趋势

针对发光二极管(LED)的可靠性问题,将抗静电测试与高温老化实验结合,将蓝绿色发光材料制成的二极管分组,测试其经过老化过程后的光色参数变化。实验数据表明,蓝绿色LED裸片与封装样品老化过程中的衰减趋势有一定差异,老化程度与封装材料和发光材料的搭配方式有关。对于未被静电损伤的芯片,经过老化过程后,并没有出现静电损伤被放大导致功能性失效的现象,静电对其参数衰减无明显影响,与单一的老化实验趋势相似。对于经过静电击打后出现异常,无法正常发光的芯片,高温老化实验产生了使其迅速损坏和复原的情况。