Packed-microtubes model for flowthrough chromatography of protein

A mathematical model for flowthrough (perfusion) chromatography, namely packed-microtubes (PMT) model, has been proposed for a column packed with biporous (BiP) anion exchanger in which the mesopores and flowthrough pores are created with liquid and solid porogens, respectively. The model is established based on the assumption that the BiP particle is made up of packed microtubes. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used as a model protein and three kinds of anion exchangers (i.e., mesoporous, macroporous and BiP resins) are used as adsorbents to determine the model parameters and to evaluate the model. Adsorption equilibrium and finite bath experiments are performed to determine the adsorption isotherms and kinetics parameters. Both the bound amounts of the protein on the surface of the mesopores and macropores are experimentally determined and taken into account in the mathematical model. With all the model parameters determined by independent experiments or calculated from available correlations, model simulations are performed and compared with the experimentally determined breakthrough profiles of the BiP column. It is found that the model predictions agree reasonably well with the experimental data obtained under various conditions and the PMT model fit experimental data better than the modified double linear driving force (LLDF) model proposed by Leitão and Rodriogues (1999. Biochemical Engineering Journal 3, 131) in which the adsorbent particle is considered to be made up of packed microparticles. The results indicate that the PMT model is more reasonable for this kind of BiP adsorbent.     

Improvement of Microwave Loss Tangent and Tunability of Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3/MgO Composites Using the Heterogeneous Precipitation Method

Ba_0.55Sr_0.45TiO₃/MgO composites were successfully prepared by the heterogeneous precipitation method and their structural, surface morphological, tunable properties, and dielectric properties at microwave frequency were systemically investigated. Compared with the sample prepared by the traditional solid-state method, the sample prepared by the heterogeneous precipitation method exhibits a smaller grain size, more uniform microstructure, higher tunability, and lower microwave loss, and these properties are very beneficial to the development of the microwave tunable devices application. Moreover, the effects of La₂O₃ doping on the dielectric and tunable properties of BST/MgO composites are investigated. The result shows that the La³⁺-doped sample has higher tunability and lower microwave loss than the undoped one.     

Security concepts for the dynamics of autonomous vehicle networks

The secure operation of autonomous vehicle networks in the presence of adversarial observation is examined, in the context of a canonical double-integrator-network (DIN) model. Specifically, we study the ability of a sentient adversary to estimate the full network’s state, from noisy local measurements of vehicle motions. Algebraic, spectral, and graphical characterizations are provided, which indicate the critical role of the inter-vehicle communication topology and control scheme in achieving security.     

Synthesis and self-assembly of hyperbranched polyester peripherally modified by touluene-4-sulfonyl groups

In this paper, hyperbranched polyesters (HPs) were synthesized in the molten state from 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid (bis-MPA) and 2-ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (TMP) using acid catalysis. The modified hyperbranched polyesters were obtained through the chemical modification of the hyperbranched polyester cores by substituting a controlled fraction of the terminal hydroxyl groups with touluene-4-sulfonyl chloride using triethylamine (TEA) as an acceptor of HCl. The resultant polyesters were characterized by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, FT-IR, UV and GPC and their self-assembly behaviors were investigated. The results revealed that self-assembled structures could be formed in selected solvents (trichloromethane/acetone or trichloromethane/n-hexane).     

Propylene epoxidation in a microreactor with electric heating

Gas phase propylene epoxidation on gold catalysts has attracted wide attention from industry and academia due to its high selectivity. However, it suffers from low propylene conversion and rapid catalyst deactivation. Experiments showed that propylene conversion could be increased by raising H₂, O₂, or C₃H₆ concentration in the feed, but the feed compositions were within the explosion limit. It was also shown that the activity of the used catalyst could be fully recovered, but the regeneration temperature was 280 °C, much higher than that for reaction. Therefore a microchannel reactor was devised to suppress explosion and was constructed with Fecralloy, to raise the temperature rapidly for catalyst regeneration by electric heating. In two minutes the temperature of the reactor could be raised from 50 to 300 °C. Catalysts were coated on the alloy belt by dip coating, and the performance of the reactor was evaluated under different operating conditions. Results showed that in the microreactor the overall reaction rate was controlled mainly by the intrinsic reaction rate, and also influenced by film diffusion to a certain extent. The deactivated catalyst was regenerated in the microchannel reactor and the activity was fully recovered.     

Relationship of threshold diameter and Darcean permeability in unconsolidated porous structures

Experiment was conducted on the threshold pressure for atmospheric air through unconsolidated narrow size distributed mini sphere and sand particles at low flow rates. The threshold diameter calculated from measured threshold pressure showed that it does not follow the traditional similarity theory. This is consistent with our experiment on accurate permeability measurement, and can be explained as a result of gas slip flow within such micro pore structure. Our current work tend to find the method to predict the permeability-threshold pressure relationship for unconsolidated porous structures.     

金属间化合物的研究现状及其最新发展趋势

主要介绍了金属间化合物的概念、发展历程、研究现状及几种常用金属间化合物的发展状况，并提出了该类材料的最新发展趋势。     

Reaction kinetics study of asymmetric polymer-polymer interface

In this study, the reaction kinetics of asymmetric polymer-polymer interface was experimentally and theoretically studied. A new rheological method correlating the change of rheological property of reactive system with the conversion of the in situ formed copolymers was applied to study the reaction kinetics of PBT/epoxy reactive system. Then, the new method was proved to be useful by comparing its results with that obtained from the conventional endgroup determination method. Moreover, the conversion of PBT/epoxy reactive system from rheological method could be well fitted by the numerical analysis, from which the kinetic constant and the diffusion constant of epoxy in PBT could be determined simultaneously.     

气体控制参数对气体辅助成型产品翘曲的影响

从气体辅助注射成型工艺的角度探讨了气体的延迟时间和第一段压力这两个关键的参数对槽的影响进而对产品翘曲变形的影响，结果表明：虽然通过使用气体辅助注射成型技术能改善产品变形，但并不能完全消除变形；造成产品变形的原因和机理十分复杂，只有进行从设计到工艺的全方位考察才能有效的控制变形，气体手指效应也是造成产品变形的一个重要因素，工艺上可以通过调整延迟时间和气体压力来减小产品的变形量。