一种低频有色噪声的自适应对消模型

文中讨论了使用自适应噪声对消抵制有色噪声的原理、特点,提出了在特定情况下 一种改进的对消模型及其原理,并结合ＬＭＳ（Ｌｅａｓｔ Ｍｅａｎ Ｓｑｕａｒｅｓ）和ＲＬＳ（Ｒｅｃｕｒｓｉｖｅ Ｌｅａｓｔ Ｓｑｕａｒｅｓ）滤波器的实现,给出了计算实例。     

Nanostructured Metal Chalcogenides for Energy Storage and Electrocatalysis

Energy storage and conversion technologies are vital to the efficient utilization of sustainable renewable energy sources. Rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and the emerging sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) are considered as two of the most promising energy storage devices, and electrocatalysis processes play critical roles in energy conversion techniques that achieve mutual transformation between renewable electricity and chemical energies. It has been demonstrated that nanostructured metal chalcogenides including metal sulfides and metal selenides show great potential for efficient energy storage and conversion due to their unique physicochemical properties. In this feature article, the recent research progress on nanostructured metal sulfides and metal selenides for application in SIBs/LIBs and hydrogen/oxygen electrocatalysis (hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction, and oxygen reduction reaction) is summarized and discussed. The corresponding electrochemical mechanisms, critical issues, and effective strategies towards performance improvement are presented. Finally, the remaining challenges and perspectives for the future development of metal chalcogenides in the energy research field are proposed.     

Generation of mm- and Sub mm-wave Bessel Beams Using DOE’s Designed by BOR-FDTD Method and MGA

A new way for generating Bessel beams at mm and sub mm-wavelengths is presented in this paper, in which diffractive optical elements (DOE’s) are designed for converting incident Gaussian beams into Bessel beams. In order to reduce the computational burden and therefore improve the design efficiency, two measures are adopted in our design. One is a body-of-revolution finite-difference time-domain (BOR-FDTD) method that uses a two-dimensional (2-D) solution space instead of a full 3-D space and thereby saves tremendous computational resources, and that is utilized to calculate the fields diffracted by the DOE’s. The other is a microgenetic algorithm (MGA) that has been proved to be more effective than the conventional GA, and that is employed for accelerative optimization. The utility of the present design tool, which combines a MGA with a BOR-FDTD method, is demonstrated by three examples. Numerical simulation results indicate that the designed DOE’s can not only flexibly generate zero- or higher- order Bessel beams when compared with axicons, but also have higher diffraction efficiencies when compared with amplitude holograms. An erratum to this article can be found at     

入射光椭圆度对晶体微粒旋转角速度的影响

光致旋转技术在微机械和微生物等领域的应用越来越广泛。利用光束自旋角动量可以导致晶体微粒光致旋转的机理,从理论上分析了入射光椭圆度对晶体微粒旋转角速度的影响。通过MATLAB对不同激光功率下,光束的椭圆度与晶体微粒旋转角速度的关系进行数值模拟。结果表明:在实际对晶体微粒光致旋转操作中,晶体微粒能否旋转起来取决于光束椭圆度与微粒厚度之间的关系;在同一激光功率下,光束椭圆度与晶体微粒旋转角速度呈正旋曲线变化。因此,通过调节光束的椭圆度和较高的激光功率可以提高晶体微粒的旋转角速度。该结论对光驱动微机械马达的优化设计有一定的指导意义。     

Room-temperature optically pumped InAs/GaAs quantum dots microdisk lasers on SiO2/Si chip

We report on room temperature continuous-wave optically pumped InAs/GaAs quantum dot whispering gallery mode microdisk lasers,heterogeneously integrated on silica/silicon chips.The microdisks are fabricated by photolithography and inductively coupled plasma etching.The lasing wavelength is approximately 1200 nm and the obtained lowest laser threshold is approximately 28μW.The experimental results show an approach of possible integrated Ⅲ-Ⅴ optical active materials on silica/silicon chip for low threshold WGM microdisk lasers.     

Pre-Protonated Vanadium Hexacyanoferrate for High Energy-Power and Anti-Freezing Proton Batteries

Proton batteries have been considered as an innovative energy storage technology owing to their high safety and cost-effectiveness. However, the development of fast-charging proton batteries with high energy/power density is greatly limited by feasible material selection. Here, the pre-protonated vanadium hexacyanoferrate (H-VHCF) is developed as a proton cathode material to alleviate the capacity loss of proton-free electrode materials during electrochemical tests. The pre-protonation process realizes fast and long-distance transport of protons by shortening diffusion path and reducing migration barriers. Benefitting from the enhanced hydrogen bonding network combined with dual redox reactions of V and Fe in protonated H-VHCF cathode, a high energy density of 74 Wh kg⁻¹ at 1.1 kW kg⁻¹, and a maximum power density of 54 kW kg⁻¹ at 65 Wh kg⁻¹ is achieved for the asymmetric proton batteries coupling with MoO₃/MXene anode. Proton transport and double oxidation-reduction center are verified by theoretical calculations and ex situ experimental measurements. Considering the anti-freezing availability of proton batteries, 82.5% of its initial capacity is maintained after 10000 cycles under −40 °C at 0.5 A g⁻¹. As a proof-of-concept, flexible device fabricated by optimized electrodes and hydrogel electrolytes can power up a light-emitting diode even under a bent state.     

Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Ribbon Assembled Core–Sheath MnO@Graphene Scrolls as Hierarchically Ordered 3D Porous Electrodes for Fast and Durable Lithium Storage

Graphene scroll is an emerging 1D tubular form of graphitic carbon that has potential applications in electrochemical energy storage. However, it still remains a challenge to composite graphene scrolls with other nanomaterials for building advanced electrode configuration with fast and durable lithium storage properties. Here, a transition‐metal‐oxide‐based hierarchically ordered 3D porous electrode is designed based on assembling 1D core–sheath MnO@N‐doped graphene scrolls with 2D N‐doped graphene ribbons. In the resulting architecture, porous MnO nanowires confined in tubular graphene scrolls are mechanically isolated but electronically well‐connected, while the interwoven graphene ribbons offer continuous conductive paths for electron transfer in all directions. Moreover, the elastic graphene scrolls together with enough internal voids are able to accommodate the volume expansion of the enclosed MnO. Because of these merits, the as‐built electrode manifests ultrahigh rate capability (349 mAh g^?1 at 8.0 A g^?1; 205 mAh g^?1 at 15.0 A g^?1) and robust cycling stability (812 mAh g^?1 remaining after 1000 cycles at 2.0 A g^?1) and is the most efficient MnO‐based anode ever reported for lithium‐ion batteries. This unique multidimensional and hierarchically ordered structure design is believed to hold great potential in generalizable synthesis of graphene scrolls composited with oxide nanowires for mutifuctional energy storage.     

基于Flexray总线的车载指挥控制任务计算机的设计与实现

文章针对车载指挥控制任务计算机的特殊需求,提出了一种以PowerPC处理器为控制核心,以CPCI总线作为系统背板总线,FlexRay作为通讯总线的系统设计方案。经过试验证明,此方案具有易扩展、集成度高、实时性强等优点,满足指挥控制任务计算机的车载应用环境需求。     

Scattering Properties of Cylindrical Ferrite Posts and Their Applications

The scattering field of a ferrite post and a cylindrical ferrite post containing conducting post illuminated by a plane wave is analyzed. The special interest is the scattering property of the ferrite posts, which is resonating at certain modes such as TM₁₁ mode. We hope to know the speciality it shows and find its applications. It is found that the scattering field pattern of a resonating ferrite post is similar to the rotation of the scattering field pattern of a dielectric cylindrical post, which has the same dimension as ferrite. The scattering properties of the ferrite may give us some inspirations to explore its applications in microwave components. This property is utilized to explain the mechanism of the operation of the circulators. It also may be used in microstrip patch antenna, coupler and filter to control their properties. Other applications may be possible too. Some calculation results are presented.