生物质与煤共燃研究(Ⅰ)生物质的低温热解

介绍了生物质与煤共燃的研究流程及其主要的研究方法，通过对三种主要农业剩余生物质（锯屑，谷壳和花生壳）热解过程中的失重率变化，物理性质变化，工业分析变化，元素分析变化和发热量变化的研究发现，三种生物质在热解温度220℃-300℃，热解时间30min-60min下进行低温热解时，热解过程主要受热解温度控制，受热解时间控制较弱，随热解温度升高，热解时间延长，生物质的热失重率逐渐升高，生物质逐渐变得易于研磨。在工业分析上挥发分逐渐减少，固定碳及灰分不断提高，水分含量大幅下降；在元素分析上O元素的含量不断下降，C元素的含量不断上升，从而发热量不断增加，研究表明，当热解温度为270℃-300℃时，热解生物质的各项性质可与煤接近。     

Adhesion-Delamination Mechanics of a Prestressed Circular Film Adhered onto a Rigid Substrate

A thin circular film clamped at the periphery is adhered to the planar surface of a rigid cylindrical punch. An external tensile load is applied to the punch, causing the film to delaminate from the substrate and the circular contact edge to contract. The film spontaneously separates from the punch, or pulls off, when the contact radius reduces to a range between 0.1758 and 0.3651 of the film radius, depending on the magnitude of the residual membrane stress. The mechanical delamination process is derived by a thermodynamic energy balance based on a coupled interfacial adhesion and residual membrane stress. The theoretical model has significant implications in nanoforce measurement, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) comprising active moveable films, and biological cell adhesion.     

Oil and fat hydrolysis with lipase fromAspergillus sp.

Hydrolysis of olive oil, soybean oil, mink fat, lard, palm oil, coconut oil, and a hydrogenated, hardened oil with lipase from anAspergillus sp. has been studied. The lipase had high specific activity (60,000 U/g) and did not show any positional specificity. The lipase proved to be a more effective catalyst than Lipolase fromA. oryzae, with an optimal activity at 37°C and pH 6.5–7.0. It was activated by Ca²⁺ but inactivated by organic solvents such as isopropanol and propanone. All substrates examined could be hydrolyzed to corresponding fatty acids with this enzyme at concentrations of 5–30 U/meq with yields of 90–99% in 2–24 h. The degree of hydrolysis was almost logarithmically linear with reaction time and occurred in two stages. The lipase was stable and could be repeatedly recycled for hydrolysis.     

爱德娜——女性世界的游离者

在凯特·肖邦的<觉醒>中,主人公爱德娜实现了自我意识觉醒的转变,但这并不意味着美好的未来.在女性朋友世界,无论是在阿黛尔和雷西小姐身上,爱德娜都没有心灵的相通.从某种意义上说,正是爱德娜的觉醒,才使其成为了女性世界的游离者.     

一类Bayes公式的推导及在小子样评估中的应用

工程中昂贵复杂系统的整机试验通常是小子样的,因此需要结合大量的先验信息进行系统评估,但这可能造成小子样的整机试验数据的信息被淹没。与通常考虑加权的融合方法不同,基于精度评估的正态逆伽玛分布推导了一类Bayes公式,将所有先验信息等价为单个整机试验数据,设计了相应的分布参数,结合等价先验样本量得到推导的后验结果,并给出案例分析了这类Bayes公式的应用范围和合理性。     

一种铁路客运专线用防水涂料的研制

介绍了铁路客运专线桥梁用防水涂料的研制意义,用正交试验确定了该种新型涂料所用到的重要原料的种类及用量,研究了树脂与引发剂对固化速度的影响,树脂与单体的添加质量对涂膜断裂伸长率及位伸强度的影响,以及颜填料添加质量对涂膜性能的影响,并从施工的角度考察了温湿度对涂膜干燥性的影响。     

限定领域的自动问答系统研究

目前,自然语言处理系统由于缺乏语义信息及知识理解和推理能力,因此存在很多缺陷,在自动问答领域中很难分清用户表达的真正意图,并给出用户满意的答案.本文就此给出基于句法语义的问句分析方法,采用本体构建技术构建答案库,在此基础上进行领域知识语义推理,实现智能问答.本研究以黄山旅游为限定领域建立问答系统,试验结果表明多策略的方法是有效的.     

网格任务调度模型的研究

网格任务调度是采用适当的调度策略把应用程序分配到异构的计算节点上进行高效的执行并返回正确结果的过程。本文研究了经典网格任务调度模型,分析了各自的优缺点,并提出了一种包含有树形全局调度模型和局部调度模型的两层结构模型,此树形全局调度模型通过负载从根节点自上而下的迁移,能够很好地实现网格系统的负载平衡。通过二叉树的节点删除算法能够很好地解决模型中节点的失效问题,因此具有很好的安全性和可靠性。     

试谈铁路运输企业发展第三方物流的对策

从物流及第三方物流的概念着手,主要分析了物流与铁路运输的本质区别,并就铁路运输开展第三方物流优势及存在问题进行了详细分析,重点论述了铁路运输业开展第三方物流的可行性及有关对策。     

Electrical resistance behavior of vinylester composites filled with glass-carbon hybrid fibers

Vinylester (bismethacryloxy derivative of a bisphenol-A type EP resin, VE) composites with glass-carbon hybrid fibers (CF-GF) weight fraction of 50%, were prepared by the compress molding method. The distribution of carbon fiber in the hybrids was observed by stereomicroscope. The electrical resistance behavior of the composites filled with different carbon fiber (CF) weight contents (0.5% to 20%) was studied. The experimental results show that the electrical resistance behaviors of CF-GF/VE composites are different with those of CF/VE composites because carbon fibers’ conducting networks are broken by the glass fibers in the CF-GF/VE composites. The carbon fibers distribute uniformly in the networks of glass fibers (GF) like single silk and form the semi-continuous conducting networks. Composite filled with GF-CF hybrid has a higher percolation threshold than that filled with pure CF. At that time, the resistivity of CF-GF/VE composites varies little with the temperature increasing. The temperature coefficient of resistivity in GF-CF/VE composite is less than 317 ppm and the variation of the resistivity after ten thermal cycles from 20 °C to 240 °C is less than 1.96%. Funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2007ABA028)