安全帽防静电性能测试影响因素的分析研究及不确定度的评定

依据JJF 1059-2012《测量不确定度表示与评定》,结合国家标准GB 2811-2007《安全帽》和GB/T 2812-2006《安全帽测试方法》在安全帽防静电性能的技术要求和测试方法的规定,分析并研究了安全帽防静电性能的影响因素及不确定度的来源,并对其不确定度进行了评定。     

NBR/PVC橡塑合金辐射防护材料的制备及性能研究

为了满足辐射防护的要求以及发展结构功能一体化柔性防护材料的需求,研制了一种新型的橡塑合金复合防护材料。通过力学性能和屏蔽性能测试发现,该复合材料具有较高的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率,且材料的中子与伽马屏蔽性能良好,随着功能填料含量的不断增加,中子和伽马屏蔽性能也不断提升,但材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率不断减小。辐照实验显示,电子束硫化后的样品比硫磺硫化后的样品拥有更出色的力学性能。综合考虑该材料良好的中子与伽马屏蔽性能、拉伸性能与柔韧性能等特性,其在形状较为复杂的核动力设施以及辐射防护服等领域具有较大的应用潜力。     

冷拉减面率对C形环用Inconel X-750丝材组织性能的影响

文章通过冷拉拔加工制备减面率为0%、30%、60%的Inconel X-750丝材,分别在650℃、730℃、810℃下时效处理16h,研究冷拉减面率对X-750合金组织性能的影响,特别是减面率对γ′相形状、分布、数量及尺寸的影响。经定量分析,增大冷拉减面率除了有细化晶粒的作用外,还能一定程度地增加γ′相析出的颗粒数量及体积分数,减小γ′相尺寸,进一步加强沉淀强化的作用。时效温度对X-750丝材的晶粒尺寸没有明显影响,对γ′相的数量、尺寸及形状影响较大。采用730℃时效处理16h的标准工艺制备的X-750丝材,经加工为弹簧后制造成金属C形密封环,其回弹量及泄漏率均满足要求,实验条件下密封性能良好。     

低影响开发(LID)透水砖铺装系统的研究进展

透水砖铺装系统是现阶段我国海绵城市建设中重要的透水铺装系统技术之一。为了充分认识该领域已有的应用和研究成果,开展更深入的透水铺装系统技术探索和应用研究,对透水砖铺装系统的国内外应用和研究现状进行了分析总结。简述了透水铺装材料的分类和特点,分析了国内外应用情况,分别对混凝土透水砖、陶瓷透水砖、砂基透水砖的国内外研究现状进行了评述。最后指出现阶段研究存在的问题,并提出了建议和展望。     

求解变系数对流扩散反应方程的指数型高精度紧致差分方法

本文给出了一种数值求解变系数对流扩散反应方程的指数型高精度紧致差分方法.我们首先将模型方程变形,借助常系数对流扩散方程的指数型高精度紧致差分格式,采用残量修正法得到变系数对流扩散反应方程的指数型高精度紧致差分格式;并从理论上分析了当Pelect数很大时,本文格式达到四阶计算精度时网格步长的限制条件;离散得到的代数方程组可采用追赶法直接求解.数值实验结果与理论分析完全吻合,表明了本文格式对于边界层问题或大梯度变化的物理量求解问题具有的高精度和鲁棒性的优点.     

Effects of T5 heat treatment on extrusion welds in AZ80 hollow profile

AZ80 hollow profile was produced by porthole-die extrusion. The mechanical behavior and microstructure characteristic of extrusion welds in AZ80 hollow profile during different T5 heat treatments were investigated. Five kinds of morphologies of β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ were observed in turn in weld regions under various temperatures. Extrusion weld is not weakest region in AZ80 hollow profile in terms of hardness, the peak hardness of weld regions is roughly equal to the weld-free regions at different aging temperatures, which is attributed to similar volume fraction, morphology, and size of β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ precipitate in weld regions and weld-free regions. The precipitate-free zones (PFZs) usually form near the welds interface in aging process, and the hardness of PFZs is usually lower than those of weld regions and weld-free regions. Aging at 200°C for 24?h is suitable heat treatment system for AZ80 hollow profile, which can achieve excellent mechanical property and simultaneously reduce the width of PFZs.     

The interlaminar shear failure characteristics of asphalt pavement coupled heating cables

Nowadays, heating cables are used as heat sources for heating pavements in practical engineering. However, there is a contradiction between the snow melting function and the interlaminar stability of heating pavement. In order to solve the contradiction, the interlaminar failure behavior of asphalt mixture coupled heating cables specimen (AMCS) was researched, through experiments and the finite element method. Under the different conditions of heating cables and rolling times, a series of direct shear tests was performed at the interface of AMCS, to compare the interlaminar stability of three different AMCS. Meanwhile, based on the bilinear cohesive zone model and coulomb friction model a 2D finite element model was established, to simulate this shear failure processes and make up for the limitations of the experiment. According to above test and simulation results, the failure mechanism and the weakest interface in AMCS were found, and the influence of the heating cable’s diameter and embedded spacing on the interlaminar shear strength were found. Then, a modified coulomb theorem model was proposed to predict the shear strength of the AMCS. This research enriches the design theory of the heating pavement and it has great significance for its structural design of heating asphalt pavement.     

Time-dependent behavior of layered arches with viscoelastic interlayers

This work studies the time-dependent behavior of a layered arch adhesively bonded by viscoelastic interlayers. The deformation of the viscoelastic interlayer is represented by the Maxwell–Wiechert model. The constitutive relation in an interlayer is simplified through the quasi-elastic approximation approach. The mechanical property of an arch layer is described by the exact two-dimensional (2-D) elasticity theory in polar coordinates. The stress and displacement components in an arch layer, which strictly satisfy the simply supported boundary conditions, have been analytically derived out. The stresses and displacements are efficiently obtained by means of the recursive matrix method for the arch with any number of layers. The comparison study shows that the 2-D finite element solution has good agreement with the present one, while the solution based on the one-dimensional (1-D) Euler–Bernoulli theory has considerable error, especially for thick arches. The influences of geometrical and material parameters on the time-dependent behavior of the layered arch are analyzed in detail.     

Routes for high-performance thermoelectric materials

Thermoelectric materials can be used in direct conversion of heat to electricity and vice versa. The past decade has witnessed the rapid growth of thermoelectric research, targeting high thermoelectric performance either via reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity or via enhancement of the power factor. In this review, we firstly summarize the recent advances in bulk thermoelectric materials with reduced lattice thermal conductivity by nano-microstructure control and also newly discovered materials with intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity. We then discuss ways to enhance the electron transport abilities for achieving higher power factor by both novel and traditional methods. Finally, we highlight the recent development in single-crystal thermoelectric materials. These strategies are successful in synergistically manipulating the thermal conductivity and electron transport properties, which have significantly advanced thermoelectric performance on materials. For device applications on these high-performance materials, new opportunities may arise though stability, electrode contacts, mechanical properties, and other problems need to be solved in the near future.