Synergistic Flame Retardant Effects of Carbon Nanotube-Based Multilayer Nanocoatings

In an effort to develop highly functionalized flame retardant materials, hybrid nanocoatings are prepared by alternately depositing a positively charged polyaniline (PANi) and negatively charged montmorillonite (MMT) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are employed in polymer nanocomposites as effective reinforcement, where nanotubes are stabilized in MMT aqueous solution. The 3D structure and high density of CNTs deposited in the PANi/CNTs-MMT multilayers produce thicker and heavier coatings in comparison to the LbL assemblies without CNTs. Vertical and horizontal flame testing show that the incorporation of CNTs improves fire resistance. Additionally, cone calorimetry reveals that stacking two nanomaterials (MMT and CNTs) in a single coating shows a significant reduction in peak heat release rate (up to 51%), total smoke release (up to 47%), and total heat release (up to 37%) for the polyurethane foam. The enhancement of flame retardancy is attributed to a synergistic effect; MMT serves as a physical barrier that retards the diffusion of heat and gas. The addition of CNTs strengthens the thermal stability and high char yield. These results, coupled with the simplicity with which the LbL deposition is applied, present a viable alternative to halogen-free flame retardant nanocoatings to natural and synthetic fibers.     

The Synthesis of Covalent Triazine-Based Frameworks via Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Cyanuric Chloride with Thienyl and Carbazolyl Derivatives for Fluorescence Sensing to Picric Acid,Iodine and Capturing Iodine

A multifunctional thiophene-based covalent triazine framework (TTPATTh) with triphenylamine as core is synthesized by Friedel–Crafts reaction of cyanuric chloride with thienyl derivative for the first time. The yield of TTPATTh (99.59%) is far higher than that of the carbazole-based CTF (TTPATCz, 47.03%). TTPATTh and TTPATCz possess high BET surface areas with 1235 and 2501 m² g^–1 as well as high pore volumes with 1.60 and 2.23 cm³ g^–1, respectively. TTPATTh and TTPATCz have high thermal stability with high thermal decomposition temperatures of 514 and 598 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. With the introduction of triazine rings, the fluorescence sensing sensitivities of TTPATTh and TTPATCz to picric acid and iodine are improved significantly. Especially for TTPATTh, the K_sv values reach 5.95 × 10⁵ and 1.61 × 10⁴ L mol^–1, and LODs reach 1.02 × 10^–12 and 1.86 × 10^–12 mol L^–1. To the best of the knowledge, this is the most sensitive value among thiophene-based porous organic polymers to PA and I₂. Furthermore, TTPATTh and TTPATCz can also adsorb iodine in vapor phase, cyclohexane solution and aqueous solution, and release iodine by heating or in ethanol solution. The efficiency of controlling the release of iodine is higher than that in ethanol.     

3D Printing Conductive Composites with Poly(ionic liquid) as a Noncovalent Intermedia to Fabricate Carbon Circuits

In this study, a kind of imidazole type poly(ionic liquid) ([PEP-MIM]Cl) is synthesized, which can disperse carbon effectively. [PEP-MIM]Cl is used as an intermediate to coat carbon on the poly(acrylic acid)(PAA-co-MBA) via ion exchange to obtain conductive polymer composite (CPC). A series of characterizations are performed. Experiments show that carbon can be coated on the PAA-co-MBA uniformly, and compared with using carbon as filler, this method requires less carbon to achieve good conductive performance. The carbon layer on the polymer's surface is enriched via the swelling-shrinking properties of PAA-co-MBA according to the SEM images. Furthermore, in combination with 3D printing technology, PAA-co-MBA can be designed into different shapes to achieve various functions such as pressure-sensing element. Finally, a new type of CPC named carbon clad polymeric laminate (CCPL) is prepared by using the carbon coating method and 3D printing technology. It has the potential to replace copper clad laminate (CCL) and printed circuit board (PCB), to a certain extent. This technology expands the preparation method and application of the CPC such as flexible and wearable conductive fabrics.     

Effect of high temperature on the mechanical properties of hierarchical porous cenosphere/geopolymer composite foams

A hierarchical porous cenosphere/geopolymer composite foam (FHCs/KGP) was fabricated by the simultaneous incorporation of O₂ pore from hydrogen peroxide and cenosphere filler addition. Effects of both H₂O₂ content and high-temperature treatment on the microstructure, porosity and strength of porous FHCs/KGP foams were investigated systematically. The obtained FHCs/KGP foams showed typical amorphous structure and desirable porosity from 65 to 82%. The composites could crystallize in situ to FHCs/leucite foams above 1000℃. Compression strength of the FHCs/leucite foams showed a maximum value of 5 ± 0.3 MPa when treated at 1000°C. The improvement of mechanical properties for the composite foams was attributed to crack deflection, fractured microspheres and the good bond between the FHCs and matrix. This study could open opportunities to employ cellular foams as alternatives in structure and filtration applications.     

High Efficiency Electrochemiluminescence for Copper(II) and Cadmium(II) Pyrazolate Polymers

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials - Two new coordination polymers, namely, [Cu2(L)2(4,4′-bpy)]n (1) and [Cd(HL)Cl(1,10′-phen)]n (2)...     

烟气氨法脱硫脱碳技术研究进展

介绍了湿式氨法脱硫技术和氨法脱碳技术.对湿式氨法脱硫技术中存在的氨逃逸、气溶胶以及铵盐结晶问题进行了阐述;对氨法脱碳技术中存在的氨逃逸以及富液再生问题进行了分析,针对这两种气体污染物处理技术所面临的问题提出了解决办法.氨水作为吸收剂可以同时吸收CO2和SO2,氨法同时脱硫脱碳技术在理论上是完全可行的.     

松木层孔菌生物炭的制备及其对甲基橙的吸附性能

以松木层孔菌菌渣为原料制备生物炭,并将其应用于甲基橙水溶液的吸附.研究了生物炭用量、吸附温度、吸附时间和超声功率对松木层孔菌生物炭吸附性能的影响,并通过热重分析、比表面积及孔径分析和傅里叶红外光谱分析揭示了松木层孔菌生物炭吸附性能与其结构的关系.结果表明:在超声辅助作用下,生物炭用量对松木层孔菌生物炭吸附甲基橙效果的影响最大;氯化锌改性松木层孔菌生物炭吸附能力比未改性的要好,其主要原因是改性松木层孔菌生物炭因其多孔结构具有更大的比表面积,而且表面官能团种类和数量更加丰富.     

强化三元混合熔盐的传热性能的实验研究

太阳能发电技术中传热性能的优劣影响着太阳能的利用程度。选用石墨作为强化相变材料传热性能的添加剂与三元混合熔盐（K₂CO₃-NaCl-Li₂CO₃）按照石墨质量分数为5%、10%、15%进行混合制备,使用TC3000通用型导热系数测试仪测定16种试样的导热系数。并测试经历300次循环储能、释能实验试样的导热系数循环稳定性。实验结果表明：添加石墨后的混合相变材料导热系数最高可提升至原混合材料的3.38倍,当石墨的质量分数为15%时,混合相变材料的导热系数最大。在经历300次储能、释能实验后,材料的导热系数基本保持稳定,变化浮动不高于15%。石墨作为强化材料的添加剂,可有效提升强化材料的传热性能,具有实际工程的应用价值。     

UPFC在线运行优化辅助决策应用功能设计

由于缺乏UPFC实时运行优化指导工具,UPFC强大的潮流控制能力无法灵活发挥。基于智能电网调度控制系统设计了UPFC运行优化辅助决策应用功能,根据实际UPFC工程限额工作模式下潮流计算特点,求解UPFC控制措施灵敏度,利用在线丰富的计算资源,进行UPFC多控制目标集群并行计算,获取UPFC静态安全控制措施和潮流优化控制措施。该应用功能可利用UPFC控制能力提高电网运行的灵活性,为调度运行人员提供辅助决策。苏州南部电网500 kV UPFC工程算例分析说明了UPFC在线运行优化辅助决策计算流程,结果显示所提方法可有效解决UPFC近区静态安全问题,并优化近区网络损耗。     

粉煤灰高附加值利用研究进展

粉煤灰是火电厂燃煤过程中产生的固体残渣, 其成分复杂, 具有毒性, 若处理不当会对环境造成危害。因此, 粉煤灰的高附加值利用迫在眉睫。然而, 粉煤灰的品质是制约其高附加值利用的主要因素。目前, 中国粉煤灰品质参差不齐, 缺少完善的品质评价体系, 由此造成粉煤灰利用领域的局限性。针对上述问题, 首先分析了中国粉煤灰的资源化特性, 总结了粉煤灰的品质评价方法, 并重点阐述了适用于粉煤灰高附加值利用的品质评价方法;其次, 详细介绍了粉煤灰高附加值利用技术（高附加值提取技术、高附加值材料制备技术）;最后, 对粉煤灰高附加值利用的发展趋势做出了展望。