Reduction of PAPR of OFDM Signals Using Nonlinear Companding Transform

In this paper, we propose and evaluate a novel nonlinear companding transform (NCT) scheme for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The key idea of the proposed scheme is to transform the original Gaussian-distributed OFDM signals into a specific statistics form, whose target probability density function is defined by a piecewise function with an inflexion point. By properly choosing the transform parameters, this scheme can enable more flexibility and freedom in the companding form so that a favorable tradeoff between PAPR reduction and bit error rate (BER) performance can be achieved. Moreover, compared to existing NCT techniques, this scheme dramatically decreases the impact of companding distortion on the BER performance to reach a given PAPR level. The analytical expressions regarding the achievable transform gain in PAPR, complementary cumulative density function, attenuation coefficient, and selection criteria of transform parameters are derived. Simulation results justify the significance and accuracy of the analytical expressions presented.     

Secondary User Selection Scheme Using Adaptive Genetic Algorithms for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Under Correlated Shadowing

Cooperative spectrum sensing has been shown to be an effective approach to improve the detection performance by exploiting the spatial diversity among multiple secondary users (or unlicensed users). However, due to correlated shadowing and cooperation overhead in practical cognitive radio networks, it is desired to select an appropriate set of secondary users which have little correlation with each other to participate in cooperation so as to achieve the effective tradeoff between detection performance and cooperation overhead. In this paper, we first study the hypothesis testing model and detection performance of cooperative spectrum sensing under the correlated log-normal shadowing scenario. Afterwards, based on whether the false-alarm and missed-detection probabilities are constrained, three optimization problems are formulated to find the optimal set of secondary users participating in cooperation, which take into account the tradeoff between detection performance and cooperation overhead. Then the solutions using adaptive genetic algorithms are presented for the optimization problems. Finally, simulation experiments demonstrate that our proposed schemes are very effective.     

BGA封装技术研究

介绍了 BGA技术的研究现状 ,着重从芯片互连、基板材料及封装设计等方面讨论了该技术的发展前景。     

High-Speed CMOS Sample-and-Hold Amplifier

The sample-and-hold (S/ H) circuit is a key module for many applications[1 ] totransform a continuous time signal into discrete one. In analog to digital (A/ D)converters,the front-end of the S/ H amplifier must be of both high speed...     

Studies of high DC current induced degradation in III-V nitridebased heterojunctions

We report experiments on high dc current stressing in commercial III-V nitride based heterojunction light-emitting diodes. Stressing currents ranging from 100 mA to 200 mA were used. Degradations in the device properties were investigated through detailed studies of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, electroluminescence, deep-level transient Fourier spectroscopy and flicker noise. Our experimental data demonstrated significant distortions in the I-V characteristics subsequent to electrical stressing. The room temperature electroluminescence of the devices exhibited a 25% decrement in the peak emission intensity. Concentration of the deep-levels was examined by deep-level transient Fourier spectroscopy, which indicated an increase in the density of deep-traps from 2.7×10¹³ cm^-3 to 4.2×10¹³ cm^-3 at E₁=E _C-1.1 eV. The result is consistent with our study of 1/f noise, which exhibited up to three orders of magnitude increase in the voltage noise power spectra. These traps are typically located at energy levels beyond the range that can be characterized by conventional techniques including DLTS. The two experiments, therefore, provide a more complete picture of trap generation due to high dc current stressing     

A blind SNR estimator for digital bandpass signals

A subspace-based blind Signal-to-Noise Ratio （SNR） estimation algorithm for digital bandpass signals in Additive White Gaussian Noise （AWGN） channel is discussed. The lower bounds of the mean and variance of the estimation are derived, and simulations are performed for the commonly used digital bandpass signals, such as MPSK （M=2, 4, 8）, MFSK （M=2, 4） and MQAM （M=16, 64, 128, 256） signals. Theoretical analyses and simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is effective even when the SNR is below 0dB. Furthermore, the algorithm can provide a blind estimator in that it needs neither the parameters of the received signals, such as the carrier frequency, symbol rate and modulation scheme, nor the synchronization of the system.     

用穆斯堡尔效应研究磷酸—铁锈反应产物

用穆斯堡尔效应研究了α—Fe和铁锈的各主要组份(α-,γ-,δ-,am-FeOOH;α-,γ-Fe_2O_3和F_3O_4)与商品磷酸系锈控涂料主要活性组份—20％磷酸酒精液的作用,结果表明除Fe_3O_4的作用产物系三价铁无定形磷酸盐外。其余产物都为酸式磷酸盐FeH_3(PO_4)_2·2 1/2H_2O。另外,在Fe_3O_4和在α-Fe的反应产物中还存在多种高自旋二价铁的产物。环境中的NaCl及H_2O会不同程度地改变上述反应产物的结构,而O_2对二价铁磷酸盐变成三价铁磷酸盐是必须的。作者用形核长大和高聚物聚沉两种不同沉淀机制对以上结果作了解释。     

软判决译码中软信息的提取

本文基于单载波和多载波传输的等效基带模型的衰落信道,采用比特交织的编码调制(BICM)系统,研究了软判决译码所需的软信息的提取。通过仿真说明,反馈信道噪声信息的结合解调与译码的迭代译码方法具有一定的鲁棒性。     

小鼠在体皮下乳腺癌的太赫兹波成像检测研究

乳腺癌是女性常见癌症之一,乳腺癌区域的精准检测对乳腺癌的治疗有至关重要的作用。本文采用频率为2.52THz的连续太赫兹波反射式成像系统,对小鼠在体皮下乳腺癌模型进行了太赫兹波成像检测。研究结果表明,太赫兹波成像可以清晰识别出乳腺癌区域,且与肉眼可见肿瘤区域一致。在体乳腺癌区域的太赫兹波相对反射率高于正常组织,两者相对反射率差值高达15%。进一步,对距离皮肤表面不同深度的离体乳腺癌组织进行切片和苏木精-伊红(H&E)染色,作为金标准对照。结果发现乳腺癌区域的面积随着距离皮肤表面深度的增加而增大。通过将太赫兹波成像与H&E染色结果对比可知,在距离皮肤表面约460μm处,太赫兹波图像和H&E染色图中的肿瘤区域面积相等。由此可知,太赫兹波对在体皮下乳腺癌的探测深度大约在460μm左右,太赫兹波有望实现深部肿瘤的检测。     

金属/介质膜脉宽压缩光栅研究进展

超短超高能量脉冲激光作为研究光和物质相互作用的有力手段得到了广泛研究。啁啾脉冲放大系统是产生这种激光的关键部分,其中脉宽压缩光栅作为啁啾脉冲放大系统的核心组成器件,具有至关重要的作用。金属/介质膜光栅具有高衍射效率、宽工作带宽、高激光损伤阈值等优良特性,受到了广泛关注。详细综述了金属/介质膜脉宽压缩光栅的发展概况,重点分析了金属/介质膜光栅的设计原理和制作工艺,展望了金属/介质膜光栅的发展前景,旨在增进对金属/介质膜脉宽压缩光栅的了解。