普鲁士蓝加速人体内铯排出效果的观察

本文介绍6例在苏联切尔诺贝利核电站事故期间受到放射性铯内污染的我国驻外人员,在本实验室接受活体测量和服用普鲁士蓝促排的观察结果。6例内污染者分两组分别于受污染后的第114天和第272天开始用药,在大约一个月期间,每人共服药54g(给药方式:每次服1g,每日3次,6天为一个疗程,间隔6天,共用药3个疗程)。观测结果表明,在促排期间,6例内污染者体内铯的生物半排期均明显缩短,~(131)Cs 的生物半排期由对照期(用药前)的54—123d 缩短到28—65d,~(134)Cs 由对照期的42—117d 缩短到23—69d;6例体内放射性铯的累积活度相对于同期未用药条件下的累积活度减少2—21%。     

树脂浸渍补充增密对C/C复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

将CVD预增密至不同初始密度的C／C复合材料进行树脂浸渍／炭化补充增密至1.85g/cm^3，热处理后进行热物理性能的检测和不同刹车压力的摩擦磨损试验。结果表明，树脂浸渍／炭化是一种行之有效的快速致密化手段，所得制品的可石墨化性较好，导热性能也满足国外同类产品的要求；摩擦磨损试验和扫描电镜（SEM）观察结果表明，低一压力下形成的磨屑粒度明显大于高压下的磨屑，因而低压下的摩擦数高于高刹车压力下的摩擦系数。低压下的树脂炭对摩擦磨损的影响相对较大。     

轴与轴承约束反力的分析

轴与轴承之间的相对运动状态不同,约束反力的表示和分析是不同的。本文分别两种不同的相对运动状态,对轴与轴承的约束反力进行了分析,提出了轴与轴承处于相对滑动状态时约束反力的表示和分析方法。     

基于PSA分析事故序列场内工作人员辐射风险研究

从总风险控制的角度,提出了事故工况下场内工作人员剂量与辐射风险接受准则,并建立了相应的评估方法。以典型压水堆核电厂为例,采用概率安全分析（PSA）的全范围事故序列进行验证评价,评估了典型压水堆核电厂事故后场内工作人员的辐射剂量与辐射致死风险。通过验证结果可知,事故后场内工作人员总的辐射致死风险远低于公众由于自然灾害、疾病、交通事故及不同行业的总死亡风险值;事故后工作人员在燃料厂房进行操作时的辐射致死风险占比最高,故工作人员在燃料厂房进行相关操作时,可提前制定相应的辐射防护措施来降低辐射风险;工作群组中其他人员和意外受照人员事故后辐射致死风险占比较高,可通过采用气面罩等方式对气载放射性进行防护以降低其辐射风险。相应的分析结果可为后续核电厂事故后处理方案的制定和事故后场内工作人员辐射防护措施的制定提供借鉴。      

连续混炼过程比能耗分析

将连续混炼过程的有效比能耗分为升温、混炼、脱挥和建压比能耗,并提出了计算各项的一种方法。用该方法对不同机型、不同规格、不同加工对象的连续混炼机的比能耗进行了分析。结果表明,在多数连续混炼过程中,升温比能耗在总有效比能耗中所占比例都较大,建压比能耗所占比例都很小;原料热物性是影响有效比能耗及其构成的根本因素;当原料和混炼产物质量确定时,连续混炼机的螺杆与机筒结构、螺杆直径、产量、混炼工艺等都会影响有效比能耗及其构成。     

Inorganic/Organic Double‐Network Gels Containing Ionic Liquids

Highly robust ion gels, termed double‐network (DN) ion gels, composed of inorganic/organic interpenetrating networks and a large amount of ionic liquids (ILs), are fabricated. The DN ion gels with an 80 wt% IL content show extraordinarily high mechanical strength: more than 28 MPa of compressive fracture stress. In the DN ion gel preparation, a brittle inorganic network of physically bonded silica nanoparticles and a ductile organic network of polydimethylacrylamide (PDMAAm) are formed in the IL. Because of the different reaction mechanisms of the inorganic/organic networks, the DN ion gels can be formed by an easy and free‐shapeable one‐pot synthesis. They can be prepared in a controllable manner by manipulating the formation order of the inorganic and organic networks via not only multistep but also single‐step processes. When silica particles form a network prior to the PDMAAm network formation, DN ion gels can be prepared. The brittle silica particle network in the DN ion gel, serving as sacrificial bonds, easily ruptures under loading to dissipate energy, while the ductile PDMAAm network maintains the shape of the material by the rubber elasticity. Given the reversible physical bonding between the silica particles, the DN ion gels exhibit a significant degree of self‐recovery by annealing.     

MgO－CoO－NiO氧敏材料的缺陷化学及电导特性研究

本文用点缺陷理论分析了ＭｇＯ－ＣｏＯ－ＮｉＯ系氧敏材料的缺陷模型．并测量了ＭｇＯ－ＣｏＯ－ＮｉＯ材料的高温电导与氧分压的关系．在实验的基础上，研究了该材料的缺陷化学及电导特性，对其禁带宽度及缺陷的热力学参数进行了理论估算．实验结果与理论分析吻合得较好．     

Comparison of the effects of Mg–6Zn and titanium on intestinal tract in vivo

To evaluate the ability of Mg–6Zn to replace titanium nails in the reconstruction of the intestinal tract in general surgery, we compared the Mg–6Zn and titanium implants with respect to their effects on rat’s intestinal tract by biochemical, radiological, pathological and immunohistochemical methods. The results indicated that Mg–6Zn implants started to degrade at the third week and disintegrate at the fourth week. No bubbles appeared, which may be associated with intestinal absorption of the Mg–6Zn implants. Pathological analyses (containing liver, kidney and cecum tissues) and biochemical measurements, including serum magnesium, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, glutamic–pyruvic–transaminase and glutamic–oxaloacetic–transaminase proved that degradation of Mg–6Zn did not harm the important organs, which is an improvement over titanium implants. Immunohistochemical results showed that Mg–6Zn could enhance the expression of transforming growth factor-β₁. Mg–6Zn reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor at different stages. In general, our study demonstrates that the Mg–6Zn alloy had good biocompatibility in vivo and performed better than titanium at promoting healing and reducing inflammation. It may be a promising candidate for stapler pins in intestinal reconstruction.     

仿生眼的研究现状与发展趋势

首先,在分析人眼眼球运动的特点和形式的基础上,详细介绍了国内外仿生眼研究对扫视性眼球运动、平滑性眼球运动、异向眼球运动、前庭动眼反射、视动反射等的模仿,最后总结了仿生眼研究的特点和发展趋势．     

Constructing Facial Identity Surfaces for Recognition

We present a novel approach to face recognition by constructing facial identity structures across views and over time, referred to as identity surfaces, in a Kernel Discriminant Analysis (KDA) feature space. This approach is aimed at addressing three challenging problems in face recognition: modelling faces across multiple views, extracting non-linear discriminatory features, and recognising faces over time. First, a multi-view face model is designed which can be automatically fitted to face images and sequences to extract the normalised facial texture patterns. This model is capable of dealing with faces with large pose variation. Second, KDA is developed to compute the most significant non-linear basis vectors with the intention of maximising the between-class variance and minimising the within-class variance. We applied KDA to the problem of multi-view face recognition, and a significant improvement has been achieved in reliability and accuracy. Third, identity surfaces are constructed in a pose-parameterised discriminatory feature space. Dynamic face recognition is then performed by matching the object trajectory computed from a video input and model trajectories constructed on the identity surfaces. These two types of trajectories encode the spatio-temporal dynamics of moving faces.