Simultaneous HPLC quantification of total cholesterol,tocopherols and β-carotene in Barrosã-PDO veal

A simple, rapid and sensitive procedure for the simultaneous determination of total cholesterol, tocopherols and β-carotene in meat is described. The method involves a direct saponification of the meat, a single n-hexane extraction and the analysis of the extracted compounds by normal-phase HPLC, using fluorescence (tocopherols) and UV–Vis photodiode array (cholesterol and β-carotene) detections in tandem. Rates of recovery of spiked meat samples were 93% for cholesterol, 83–86% for (α-, β- and -γ) tocopherols and 89% for β-carotene. Repeatabilities were high (CV < 6%) for all determined compounds, except for δ-tocopherol. This tocopherol, which is not usually present in meat, showed a much lower recovery percentage (73%) and repeatability (12.8%). This methodology was applied for the quantification of total cholesterol, tocopherols and β-carotene in three muscles (longissimus thoracis, longissimus lumborum and semitendinosus) of the Portuguese traditional Barrosã-PDO veal, obtained from autochthonous calves fed extensively during summer (with the least abundant green pastures) and slaughtered in early autumn (October). Barrosã-PDO veal showed median contents of total cholesterol (0.50–0.56 mg/g) and, depending on the analysed muscle, moderate to high contents of α-tocopherol (3.3–3.9 μg/g) and β-carotene (0.07–0.09 μg/g), suggesting an high sensorial and hygienic quality.     

Preparation of brush-like crystals of poly[2,6-(1,4-phenylene)-benzobisimidazole]

Poly[2,6-(1,4-phenylene)-benzobisimidazole] (PPBI) crystals were prepared by using reaction-induced crystallization of oligomers during solution polymerization of 1,2,4,5-tetraaminobenzene and diphenyl terephthalate. Polymerizations were carried out at a monomer concentration of 4.3 × 10⁻² mol L⁻¹ at 350 °C for 6 h. Brush-like PPBI crystals were obtained in a mixture of structural isomers of dibenzyltoluene, in which many needle-like crystals came out vertically from the surface of the ribbon-like crystals. Average width and thickness of the ribbon-like crystals were 0.75 μm and 0.11 μm, respectively. And average length and diameter of the needle-like crystals were 0.36 μm and 50 nm, respectively. The brush-like crystals possessed high crystallinity and exhibited good thermal resistance. The ribbon-like crystals were formed by the crystallization of imidazole oligomers at an initial stage of polymerization, and then the needle-like crystals grew from the surface of the ribbon-like crystals. Polymerization occurred on the crystals when the oligomers were crystallized, leading to the high molecular weight PPBI crystals.     

真空蒸发沉积VOPc薄膜及磁场对薄膜结构与性能的影响

用真空蒸发制备了酞菁氧钒 (VOPc)薄膜 ,并在磁场中进行了热处理。用X光电子能谱、X射线衍射、紫外 可见吸收光谱、原子力显微镜等手段对制备的薄膜进行了表征。结果表明沉积的酞菁氧钒薄膜为α 型 ,成分接近酞菁氧钒的分子式。制备的薄膜在磁场中进行了热处理 ,发现磁场使酞菁氧钒薄膜性质发生改变 :UV VIS吸收谱Q带发生红移 ;XRD谱图衍射峰强度明显增强 ,峰位略有变化 ;原子力显微镜 (AFM)分析发现晶粒大小无明显变化。以上结果说明磁场的存在使得VOPc分子在热处理过程中发生了定向的排列     

一种基于FBG和LPG的温控报警模型

文章依据FBG温度传感的原理以及LPG滤波技术,提出了一种新的光纤光栅温度报警模型.用MATLAB对系统所采用的方法进行了模拟,结果表明该系统能满足温度报警的要求.     

长庆油田陕北区原油破乳剂的筛选和复配

实验考察了8种市售水溶性破乳荆对长庆油田陕北区有代表性的宝塔区、安塞和子长原油(均为低硫中间基-石蜡基原油)的脱水效果(加量100mg／L，脱水温度55℃，时间3h)。目前长庆采油一厂使用的YT-100和延炼集团使用的GT-940对这3种原油的脱水效果均较好，但对子长原油的脱水率不高，分别为69．7％和58．9％。在由所选性能较好的破乳刺组成的4种二元复配物中，GT-940 HQ96-1对3种原油的脱水效果均高于单剂，最佳配比分别为4：1，4：1，3：2；其余3种复配物则对原油有选择性，其中GT-940 YT-100相近(97．5％)；YT-100 HQ96-1仅能改善子长原油的脱水效果，配比为4：1时脱水率最高(76．4％)；SP-169 HQ96-1仅能改善宝塔区原油的脱水效果．配比3：2和2：3时脱水率最高(92．9％)。表5参6。     

Global practical tracking of a class of nonlinear systems by output feedback

In this paper we address the practical tracking problem for a class of nonlinear systems by dynamic output feedback control. Unlike most of the existing results where the unmeasurable states in the nonlinear vector field can only grow linearly, we allow higher-order growth of unmeasurable states. The proposed controller makes the tracking error arbitrarily small and demonstrates nice properties such as robustness to disturbances and universal property to reference signals.     

A note on global output regulation of nonlinear systems in the output feedback form

This note shows how the adaptive control method developed recently for nonlinearly parameterized systems can be used to solve the problem of global output regulation, for nonlinear systems in the so-called output-feedback form with unknown parameters and exogenous signals belonging to a compact set whose bound is also unknown.     

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通过对西气东输管道设计输量的研究 ,文章阐述了天然气管道输送量的选择与天然气市场需求预测、资源储备、气田开发方案之间的关系。从我国燃气需求增长曲线和国民经济总产值增长曲线的分析对比中 ,得出燃气增长规律与国民经济总产值增长规律相似的结论 ,并以此为依据 ,对西气东输管道天然气市场需求趋势进行了预测 ,提出了西气东输市场重点开发地区是上海、浙江、江苏等地区 ,用户消费结构重点放在城市燃气和发电等方面的观点。文章在天然气用户甄别方法中提出了用户项目成功率的概念 ,为进一步开展市场量化预测、理性选择天然气管道输量研究奠定了基础。根据对市场需求与气源供应之间的供需平衡分析 ,西气东输管道输量确定为 12 0× 10 8m3 /a较为合理。     

激光角膜矫正术中所用激光波长的选择

用分光光度计测定了12例兔角膜和1例人角膜的吸收光谱,结果表明波长小于300nm的准分子激光和波长在1.88μm～2.64μm,2.36μm～40μm的激光,均可对角膜进行切割并可望用于激光角膜矫正术。     

激光束偏转法检测金属表面层的缺陷

本文编程计算了由激光光热应产业的金属表面的温度分布和泵浦光的调制频率、金属层厚度等的关系，预言检测浓度缺陷的能力。用激光光束偏转法检测到表面下不同深处的缺陷，并把面扫描幅值信号以三维象和灰度象显示。