流动分析技术及其在海水营养盐自动检测中的应用

海水营养盐是海洋初级生产力和食物链的基础,营养盐的测定对海洋学的研究至关重要。流动分析技术由于其自动化、低耗以及重现性高等优点,在海水的营养盐自动检测中有着广泛的应用。本文对流动分析技术的发展进行了归纳总结,对流动分析技术在海水营养盐自动检测中的应用进行了讨论,并对流动分析技术在海水营养盐检测中的总体发展方向进行了展望。     

大型空调系统生命周期评价与能源利用评价模型

基于西安咸阳国际机场货运中心空调系统,利用生命周期理论和层次分析法针对能源高效利用途径进行了研究。针对生命周期方法和层次分析法应用于建筑能源进行了深入分析,结合实际案例数据进行了生命周期清单分析,数据来源与所提模型紧密结合,基于层次分析法框架性模型,以空调工程各种资源的消耗值和各种环境影响潜值分析为例,量化剖析了如何利用全生命周期影响评价对耗能项目进行评价。结合案例数据的生命周期评价提出了能源利用评价层次模型,并针对模型给出了从全生命周期角度调整建立能源利用过程监控与评价等建议。     

钢板移动式感应加热的多场耦合数值分析

针对钢板的感应加热弯板成形问题,利用ANSYS软件的物理环境法建立了钢板移动式感应加热的电磁-热-结构耦合分析的数值模型。为了实现移动加热的模拟,采用节点约束方程解决了钢板、感应器和空气间隙组成的求解域的多场耦合问题,数值计算结果与实验数据吻合,验证了数值模型的正确性。然后,对钢板感应加热过程进行了数值分析,得出结论:感应加热过程中,涡流集中分布于感应器前端的钢板金属,有利于钢板快速升温,并迅速进入准稳态加热状态;在加热结束时,磁通密度外扩形成感应加热过程所特有的端部效应,从而影响钢板端部的温度分布及最终的板边变形。     

一种基于FPGA的高精度同步信号生成设计与实现

针对特定通信系统中需要实现快速、高精度的时间同步需求,设计了一种基于 FPGA 同步信号生成的系统方案。系统以C/A码码片为最小时间刻度,通过对信号中码片数计数输出秒脉冲信号,并在同源情况下,根据码相位累加器溢出后残余值的特点,调整秒脉冲信号的输出位置。结果表明,调整后的秒脉冲信号同步精度能达到纳秒级,在工程上具有一定的应用价值。     

Highly-modified polylactide transparent blends with better heat-resistance,melt strength,toughness and stiffness balance due to the compatibilization and chain extender effects of methacrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer

A core-shell modifier with the cross-linked acrylate and silicone copolymer as the core and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the shell (PASi-g-PMMA) was used to toughen the brittle polylactide (PLA). In addition, the copolymer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) (MG) was utilized to further enhance the modification efficiency of the PASi-g-PMMA. The MG copolymer played the double roles of compatibilizer and chain extender, which not only improved the interfacial adhesion between the PLA and PASi-g-PMMA particles, but also increased the molecular weight and chain entanglement of the PLA. Compared with the PASi-g-PMMA toughened PLA blend, the PLA/PASi-g-PMMA/MG blends showed much higher heat-resistance, melt strength, transparency, toughness and stiffness balance. When the PASi-g-PMMA content was 20 wt%, 20 wt% MG increased the glass transition temperature (T_g), complex viscosity (η*), transparency, impact and tensile strength of PLA/PASi-g-PMMA blend from 60.1°C, 1.9 × 10³ Pa·s, 76.1%, 748 J/m and 37 MPa to 71.5°C, 0.5 × 10⁴ Pa·s, 78.4%, 860 J/m and 45 MPa for the PLA/PASi-g-PMMA/MG blend. This research provided a facile and practical method to overcome the shortcomings of the PLA and promoted its application in broader fields.     

Hydrophobically modified melamine-formaldehyde sponge used for conformance control and water shutoff during oil production

Polymer or polymer gels have been widely used to control excessive water during oil production by homogenizing injection profile and reducing water cut in the produced fluids. However, the gels used are generally unable to selectively minimize water production, and face the challenge of syneresis of gels under high temperature and high salinity environment. In this work, melamine-formaldehyde sponge was modified with AlCl₃ solution, rendering a transition from hydrophilic to hydrophobic state with a water contact angle of 130° on the surface of the modified product. Filtration results show that mineral oil and water can be selectively separated with the hydrophobically modified sponge powders. Simulated water shutoff experiments demonstrated the blockage efficiency against water was 30% higher than that against oil, and the oil production was increased 7.4% after blocking. The parallel profile control tests confirmed that the fraction flow of high permeable channel decreased about 75%, accompanied with 60% rise of oil recovery factor. These results indicated that such hydrophobic materials can significantly reduce excessive water production, and this work provided a new idea to offer a low-cost hydrophobic material for conformance control and water shutoff during oil production.     

MGP提升光伏发电系统惯性响应和频率调整能力的研究

新能源通过变流器并网,由于采用电网频率定向和最大功率跟踪控制使其不具备惯性响应和频率调整能力,同步电机对(Motor-generator Pair,MGP)成为解决这一问题的可行方案。本文给出了光伏经MGP并网结构和运动方程,针对负荷变化引起的长时间尺度的电网频率变化分析其惯性响应和参与调频的原理。在此基础上,提出了改进直流电压反馈控制方法,通过在控制环节中引入减载率使得调频范围增加。分别搭建了多机的仿真模型和实验平台,通过与传统火电厂和光伏通过逆变器并网的频率响应对比得出,MGP可以有效提升光伏发电单元的惯性响应和频率调整能力。     

High Temperature Creep Deformation Mechanisms of a Hot Corrosion-Resistant Nickel-based Superalloy

Creep properties of the experimental superalloy were investigated in the temperature range 1073–1223 K and stress range 110–550 MPa. The observations of dislocation structures during different creep conditions reveal that in the high stress region, particle-shearing mechanisms including stacking fault formation and antiphase boundary creation are operative and in the low stress region, the dislocation climb mechanism is dominant. From the plot of minimum creep rate versus applied stress, a very low stress region with exponent n < 2, which is related to diffusional creep, is found. Based on the experimental results, a stress–temperature creep deformation mechanism map for the alloy is constructed. On the basis of particle hardening theories and various dislocation-creep theories, the dislocation-creep transitions in terms of internal stress are discussed and calculated threshold stresses of various creep deformation mechanisms indicates that the particle shearing is easier to operate than Orowan looping at high stresses, and general climb is easy to happen at low stresses.     

Situational awareness architecture for smart grids developed in accordance with dispatcher’s thought process: a review

The operational environment of today’s smart grids is becoming more complicated than ever before. A number of factors, including renewable penetration, marketization, cyber security, and hazards of nature, bring challenges and even threats to control centers. New techniques are anticipated to help dispatchers become aware of the accurate situations as they manipulate and navigate the situations as quickly as possible. To address the issues, we first introduce the background for this topic as well as the emerging technical demands of situational awareness in the dispatcher’s environment. The general concepts and technical requirements of situational awareness are then summarized, aimed at offering an overview for readers to understand the state-of-the-art progress in this area. In addition, we discuss the importance of integrating the architecture of support tools in accordance with the dispatcher’s thought process, which in fact guides correct and swift reactions in real-time operations. Finally, the prospects for situational awareness architecture are investigated with the goal of presenting situational awareness modules in an advanced and visualized manner.