熔体的定向受迫流动对高纯A1柱状晶生长特征的影响

研究了在离心力场和电磁场作用下融熔高纯Ａ１的凝固现象。研究结果表明，在二种力场共同作用下，产生的熔体定向受迫流动对柱状晶的生长方向和形态有很大影响，柱壮晶朝向迎流一侧发生倾斜，并随着离心转达和磁场强度的增加，柱状晶细化，倾斜角度增加。首次利用柱状晶间层流边界层理论解释了这一现象。     

基于ANFIS的桥式起重机焊接箱形梁疲劳裂纹扩展预测

疲劳裂纹扩展问题是桥式起重机主梁结构设计的一个重要问题.为了确保起重机的安全,需要提前预知桥式起重机焊接箱形主梁的疲劳裂纹扩展长度,因而要建立一个精准的预测系统对裂纹长度进行预测.为此建立一个基于自适应模糊推理系统(ANFIS)模型对桥式起重机焊接箱形主梁疲劳裂纹扩展长度进行预测.该模型通过一套If-Then的规则,自动调整出适当的隶属函数以满足所要求的模糊推理的输入和输出关系;只要选取适当的模糊规则数,就可以得到最接近实际裂纹扩展长度的预测结果.根据桥式起重机焊接箱形主梁疲劳试验结果,并与三层神经网络模拟结果和三次样条函数模拟结果进行比较,可以看出利用ANFIS系统建立的预测疲劳裂纹扩展的模型可以有效控制误差范围,所以能够准确的预测出疲劳裂纹的扩展情况.     

压铸脱模剂喷涂时热交换特点的基础研究

针对压铸生产过程中模具表面脱模剂喷涂时的热交换特点以及喷涂时的热物理特性进行了研究,讨论了脱模剂喷涂技术的改进.结果表明,喷涂时的传热特性接近于沸腾换热,模具的表面粗糙程度对于该过程的换热没有影响而对水质的影响很大;新的脱模剂脉冲喷涂技术可以大幅提高模具寿命,同时节省脱模剂用量,提高铸件表面质量,并且不降低压铸生产效率.     

超细WC粉末的强化球磨和表面钝化

研究了超细WC球磨破碎和分散机理,通过表面活性剂和聚合物的添加,降低了超细WC的球磨料浆粘度,提高了WC的球磨效率;经过150小时球磨后WC的BET小于100nm,X衍射晶粒度小于30nm。WC表面聚合物包覆的物理改性,其抗氧化能力提高了一倍。     

Energy transfer and frequency upconversion in Yb, Er co-doped sodium–lead–germanate glasses

Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ co-doped Na₂O–GeO₂–PbO glass suitable for developing optical fiber lasers and amplifiers has been fabricated. The energy transfer efficiency from Yb³⁺ to Er³⁺ was investigated in the glasses with different Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ concentration ratios and the maximum energy transfer efficiency was found to be 67% at the Yb³⁺–Er³⁺ concentration ratio of 5:1. Subsequently, the studies of upconversion emissions in the visible range were performed. An intense green together with a relatively weak red emission was observed under the excitation of 976 nm diode laser. The quadratic dependence of the green emission on excitation power indicates that a two-photon absorption process occurs under a 976 nm excitation. However, for the red emission the slope of log-log plot of integrated intensity versus pump power declines with increasing Yb³⁺ ions content, indicating it is not resulted from a biphotonic process.     

NiAl-30．9Cr-3Mo-0．1Dy合金的高温氧化行为

研究了NiAl-30．9Cr-3Mo-0．1Dy合金在1300K～1500K空气中的恒温氧化行为。结果表明：NiAl-30-9Cr-3Mo-0．1Dy合金的抗氧化性远优于NiAl-31Cr-3Mo合金：1500K的氧化动力学曲线基本遵循抛物线关系，在1350K～1450K的氧化动力学曲线符合立方抛物线关系，1300K的氧化动力学曲线则符合5次方关系。氧化过程中，合金的表面生成了连续致密的Al2O3氧化膜；稀土元素的活性作用以及Al2O3与基体合金之间的富Cr层的形成，提高了Al2O3的粘附能力。Dy的添加也减少了NiAl相上Al2O3的生成量，延缓了θ-Al2O3向α-Al2O3相的转变时间。     

氮化锰的微波合成

以74μm锰粉为原料,在氢气和氮气的混合气、750℃以及保温2 h的条件下于微波反应器中合成氮含量为7.75%(质量分数)的氮化锰。研究了粉末粒度、合成温度、合成保温时间及合成气氛对合成产物氮含量的影响。结果表明:氮化气氛需要氢气和氮气的混合气体,氮化气氛中少量的氢促进了原料氮化和除去杂质氧。微波高温合成技术的合成温度和合成时间较传统工艺具有明显的优势。     

用于混粉电火花加工的水力旋流器设计与仿真

根据混粉电火花加工对工作液的要求,使用水力旋流器作为分离混粉工作液中大颗粒杂质的设备,采用SolidWorks软件对旋流器进行结构设计,并利用COSMOS/FloWorks插件对旋流器液流流场及分离效果进行数学模拟,结果表明,设计的水力旋流器能使含有5 μm铝粉液流通过溢流口进入加工槽,并能使混入的直径为55 μm微细钢质颗粒和直径为45 μm的微细铜质颗粒进行分离,使大颗粒不能进入加工槽,设计的数学模型符合水力旋流器的应用需要,并能根据实际情况对旋流器进行优化设计,该数学模型可为混粉电火花加工装置一体化设计提供技术支持.     

Direct laser fabrication of thin-walled metal parts under open-loop control

Direct laser fabrication (DLF) is an advanced manufacturing technology, which can build full density metal parts directly from CAD files without using any modules or tools. The investigation on the fabrication of thin-walled parts of nickel alloy using open-loop DLF process is introduced in this paper. The experimental setup consisted of a CO₂ laser, a 3-axis CNC table, a coaxial powder nozzle and a powder recycler. The 3D-CAD file of a thin-walled metal part was converted into the STL file format and imported into software HUST-RP to generate ‘pseudo-random’ scanning paths of laser beam. The influence of process parameters on the build height of thin-walled metal parts was studied by 1–10 layered single-bead stacks of nickel alloy. The result shows that the interference factors which affect the build height of thin-walled metal parts occur randomly during the process. For open-loop DLF process, thin-walled metal parts can achieve much better shape quality if the process parameters are suitable. Multilayer single-bead walls were built up with different scanning velocity to obtain the optimal process parameters of thin-walled parts of nickel alloy. It shows that thin walls of nickel alloy with uniform height can be built up layer by layer in a certain range of specific energy. However, it is difficult to control the build height of complex thin-walled metal parts in an accurate manner just using optimal parameters. A special coaxial powder nozzle was designed in this paper. In a certain range, the deposition thickness of the nozzle is nearly linearly increased with increase in the standoff distance between the powder focusing point of the nozzle and the deposition substrate. By means of the nozzle, a novel method to control the build height of thin-walled metal parts using open-loop DLF process was introduced. The difference in build height of a thin-walled part can be compensated automatically in one or several layers during the process. It is proved that the build height of a thin-walled metal part can be accurately controlled in theory using the nozzle. A complex single-bead part of nickel alloy whose geometry was designed to be the well-known Chinese ‘FU’ was fabricated and explained in this paper. The result shows that the shape quality of the sample is quite good, and actual build height of the sample is 53.54 mm while the designed value is 54 mm.     

剪切低温浇注式半固态浆料制备工艺

半固态浆料直接成形的关键技术之一是如何快速获得与触变成形中重熔加热后相近的半固态组织.根据晶粒游离理论,开发了剪切低温浇注式半固态浆料制备工艺,利用具有特殊热交换条件的转动输送管增强熔体凝固初期的散热和搅拌混合程度,使合金在凝固初期形成快速冷却和较强对流的复合作用,快速散去合金熔体的过热,控制合金熔体的形核与生长.铸造铝合金与锻造铝合金的试验表明,剪切低温浇注工艺可高效地制备优质半固态浆料/坯料,用于浆料直接成形/坯料触变成形.