Automating application software generation

Many approaches have been proposed to enhance software productivity and reliability. These approaches typically fall into three categories: the engineering approach, the formal approach and the knowledge-based approach. But the optimal gain in software productivity cannot be obtained if one relies on only one of these approaches. This paper describes the work in knowledge-based software engineering conducted by the authors for the past 10 years. The final goal of the research is to develop a paradigm for software engineering which integrates the three approaches mentioned above. A knowledge-based tool which can support the whole process of software development is provided in this paper.     

一种前馈型全摆幅恒跨导准恒增益CMOS运放设计

设计了一种适合在低电源电压下工作的前馈型输入级放大结构，在全摆幅的动态工作范围内，输入级跨导保持不变，采用负载电流补偿以保证增益近似恒定，输出采用前馈型AB类输结构，实现全摆幅输出。     

A two-dimensional time-domain finite element formulation for periodic structures

A formulation is presented for a two-dimensional time-domain finite-element method (FEM-TD) that incorporates periodic boundaries. The specifics of the method are shown for scattering problems, but it should be straightforward to extend it to radiation problems. The method solves for a transformed field variable (instead of solving directly for the electric field) in order to easily enable periodic boundary conditions in the time domain. The accuracy and stability of the method is demonstrated by a series of examples where the new formulation is compared with reference solutions. Very accurate results are obtained when the excitation (frequency range) and the geometry are such that no higher order Floquet modes are present. The accuracy is degraded in the presence of higher order modes due to the rather simple absorbing boundary condition that is used with the present formulation. The method is found to be stable even for angles of incidence close to grazing.     

An experiment for showing some kind of artificial understanding

In this paper we design an experiment which can be depicted as a simple scenario, a very limited 'world'. In this world, there are an actor that can pursue a project and an observer that is keeping its eyes on the actor. We try to show in the experiment that the observer can to some degree understand the actor based on its knowledge and some metaphors, i.e. understand what the actor is doing and why. As the conclusion of this experiment, we try to show some features of 'understanding'. These are (1) that 'understanding' has to be based on some preliminary knowledge; (2) that 'understanding' is a process of incremental learning; (3) that, as for symbolic systems, some metaphors are necessary for mapping real entities into concepts in mind.     

硫酸铈和磷酸处理对铌酸表面酸度及催化活性的影响

用硫酸铈和磷酸对固体铌酸进行了表面处理。表面酸度和TG DTA测定结果表明 ,与未处理的固体铌酸相比 ,处理后表面强酸量提高 3～ 5倍 ,耐受温度由 30 0℃提高到 5 0 0～ 6 0 0℃。用于催化酯化合成二甘醇二苯甲酸酯增塑剂 ,处理后固体铌酸的催化活性和重复使用寿命有明显提高。     

压电量测系统漏电影响分析

本文通过对压电量测系统等效电路图的逐步简化,得出矩形脉冲信号的漏电方程;并对系统在各种情况下的时间常数,漏电相对误差进行了计算,最后就系统在校准和现场测试中经常碰到的几种情况,进行了定量估算,从而解决了压电量测系统在使用中的一些具体问题。     

The changes of lipid metabolism and hemorrheology in intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy

OBJECTIVE: To identify the influence of the increased level of serum cholyglycine (CG) on lipid metabolism and hemorrheology in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis during pregnancy (ICP). METHODS: The concentrations of serum CG, total cholesterol (CH), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high shear and low shear of blood specific viscosity (HS and LS), plasma specific viscosity (PV) and hematocrit (HCT) were measured in 68 cases of primiparas with single pregnancy and 30 healthy nonpregnant women respectively. The group of ICP was composed of 35 cases with CG > 6 mumol/L, the group of normal pregnancy, 33 cases with CG < 6 mumol/L. RESULTS: The means of CG and the lipidic parameters in the two pregnant groups were significantly higher than those in the non-pregnancy group (P < 0.02-0.001) except the means of HDL-C between the groups of ICP and non-pregnancy. The levels of LDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, LS, PV and HCT in the ICP were significantly higher than those in the normal pregnancy group (P < 0.02-0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There are significant changes of lipid metabolism and hemorrheology in patients with ICP. However, these changes could be corrected after pregnancy termination, when the level of serum CG returned to normal. The results suggest that the pathophysiologic changes of ICP are associated with increased level of serum CG.     

Nondestructive evaluation of corrosion by fractal geometry

Fractal geometry is finding its application in the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of corrosion by characterizing the corrosion surface with fractal dimensions. It was found that corrosion surfaces can be well described by multifractals. Two algorithms were used to obtain the fractal dimensions of a corroded aluminum alloy surface, one being box-counting and another being coherent light scattering. Fractal dimensions were related with the damage caused by corrosion and fatigue.     

Propagation of a quasi-shear horizontal acoustic wave in Z-Xlithium niobate plates [and conductivity sensor application]

It is found that an acoustic wave which is nearly polarized in the shear horizontal (SH) direction can propagate along the X axis of a Z-cut lithium niobate plate if the ratio h/λ, where h=plate thickness and λ=acoustic wavelength, is less than about 0.5. Attractive properties of this quasi-SH wave include: (1) phase velocity nearly constant for all values of h/λ; (2) ability to propagate in contact with a liquid medium; and (3) electromechanical coupling coefficient as high as 0.15. These properties make the wave attractive for use in a variety of sensor and signal processing applications. An example of sensor applications is illustrated by using the wave to measure conductivity of liquids (aqueous KCl solution). The frequency of a 12-MHz quasi-SH mode oscillator fabricated on a 0.48 wavelength thick Z-X lithium niobate plate is found to vary by more than 80 kHz for variation in KCI concentration from 0 to 0.15%     

Successive interference cancellation for multiuser asynchronousDS/CDMA detectors in multipath fading links

There has been an increasing interest in the use of code-division multiple access (CDMA) in cellular mobile and wireless personal communications. The choice of such multiaccess technique is attractive because of its potential capacity increases and other technical factors such as privacy and multipath rejection capabilities. However, it is well known that the performance of CDMA can be significantly degraded due to cochannel interference (CI) and the near-far effects. We consider the performance of direct-sequence (DS)-based CDMA over fading channels that are modeled as slowly varying Rayleigh-fading discrete multipath channels. Specifically, we propose and analyze an adaptive multistage interference cancellation strategy for the demodulation of asynchronous DS spread-spectrum multiple-access signals. Numerical results show that the proposed multistage detector, which alleviates the detrimental effects of the near-far problem, can significantly improve the system performance