辐射交联聚氯乙烯绝缘材料的研究Ⅱ.添加一缩三乙二醇二丙烯酸酯的影

本文研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC)在添加一缩二乙二醇二丙烯酸酯双官能团单体(DGDA)条件下的辐射交联效应。辐射初期PVC的交联反应速度较快,当剂量达到40kGy以后,凝胶含量达到最大值。在相同剂量条件下,PVC的凝胶含量、交联G值随DGDA添加量的增加而提高。交联PVC比未交联PVC的体积电阻系数有明显的提高,说明PVC辐射交联后的电绝缘性能得到很大改善。交联后,它的机械性能也有一定的提高。辐射交联PVC的热老化失重比未交联的PVC有较大的减少,而拉伸强度残留率K_1和断裂伸长率残留率K_2比未交联的PVC有较大提高,也就是说PVC交联后的耐温性提高了。     

Exergy analysis and optimization of a hydrogen production process by a solar-liquefied natural gas hybrid driven transcritical CO2 power cycle

A solar transcritical CO₂ power cycle for hydrogen production is studied in this paper. Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is utilized to condense the CO₂. An exergy analysis of the whole process is performed to evaluate the effects of the key parameters, including the boiler inlet temperature, the turbine inlet temperature, the turbine inlet pressure and the condensation temperature, on the system power outputs and to guide the exergy efficiency improvement. In addition, parameter optimization is conducted via Particle Swarm Optimization to maximize the exergy efficiency of hydrogen production. The exergy analysis indicates that both the solar and LNG equally provide exergy to the CO₂ power system. The largest amount of exergy losses occurs in the solar collector and the condenser due to the great temperature differences during the heat transfer process. The exergy loss in condenser could be greatly reduced by increasing the LNG temperature at the inlet of the condenser. There exists an optimum turbine inlet pressure for achieving the maximum exergy efficiency. With the optimized turbine inlet pressure and other parameters, the system is able to provide 11.52 kW of cold exergy and 2.1 L/s of hydrogen. And the exergy efficiency of hydrogen production could reach 12.38%.     

海泡石的性能及其应用

本文综述了海泡石的结构、性质及其在农业、工业和民用业等各领域的用途,同时综述了酸改性法、离子交换法、水热处理法和焙烧法,有机金属配合物改性法、矿物改性法等对海泡石性能的影响.     

鱼蛋白酶水解物亚铁螯合修饰物抑菌特性及机理研究

目的:探讨鱼蛋白酶水解物亚铁螯合修饰物的抑菌特性及机理,为带鱼下脚料和其它低值鱼高值化以及多肽亚铁螯合物抑菌剂的应用奠定理论基础。方法:采用葡聚糖凝胶、SDS-PAGE聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳等方法分离纯化并鉴定;以牛津杯双层平板法测定抑菌特性;通过透射电镜观测螯合物对大肠杆菌形态的影响。结果:分离到1种具有较高抑菌活性的纯化组分,相对分子质量约26 kDa;其对多种常见微生物,包括大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等均有较强的抑制作用。红外光谱检测表明亚铁离子与多肽形成环状共轭结构;多肽亚铁螯合物通过形成跨膜的离子通道,使菌体内容物外泄,最终导致菌体死亡;铁含量与多肽亚铁螯合物抑菌活性有关。结论:多肽亚铁螯合物抑菌机理是通过在微生物细胞表面形成跨膜离子通道,从而具有抑菌功效。推测螯合物可竞争性结合微生物生长所需铁元素,且螯合环结构对其抑菌活性也有贡献。     

Parametric optimization design for supercritical CO2 power cycle using genetic algorithm and artificial neural network

Supercritical CO₂ power cycle shows a high potential to recover low-grade waste heat due to its better temperature glide matching between heat source and working fluid in the heat recovery vapor generator (HRVG). Parametric analysis and exergy analysis are conducted to examine the effects of thermodynamic parameters on the cycle performance and exergy destruction in each component. The thermodynamic parameters of the supercritical CO₂ power cycle is optimized with exergy efficiency as an objective function by means of genetic algorithm (GA) under the given waste heat condition. An artificial neural network (ANN) with the multi-layer feed-forward network type and back-propagation training is used to achieve parametric optimization design rapidly. It is shown that the key thermodynamic parameters, such as turbine inlet pressure, turbine inlet temperature and environment temperature have significant effects on the performance of the supercritical CO₂ power cycle and exergy destruction in each component. It is also shown that the optimum thermodynamic parameters of supercritical CO₂ power cycle can be predicted with good accuracy using artificial neural network under variable waste heat conditions.     

新型储能应用场景与商业模式综述

在国家"30·60"战略推动下,电力系统将向着以新能源为主体的新型电力系统飞速发展.新能源的大规模接入与用户侧资源的深度挖潜,电网传统调度手段已难以支撑安全稳定的电力供给.新型储能作为近年来蓬勃发展的一种可调灵活资源,对填补电网日益扩大的调节能力缺口与可再生能源的高效消纳起到关键作用.首先阐述了新型储能的重点储能品类及...     

单颗粒大气气溶胶的同步辐射微束X射线研究

在北京同步辐射装置4W1B光束线的荧光站,用束斑大小为20 μm×10 μm的X射线微束分析了污染排放源PM10单颗粒和环境空气监测样品PM10单颗粒,得到了单颗粒的X射线荧光谱。实验结果表明,来自不同污染排放源的颗粒物,它们的能谱具有明显的特征,根据颗粒物的能谱可以识别颗粒物的来源。     

Application of entransy dissipation theory in heat convection

In the present work, formulas for calculating the rates of the local thermodynamic entransy dissipation in convective heat transfer in general, and the internal and external flows in particular, are established. Practically, these results may facilitate the application of entransy dissipation theory in thermal engineering. Theoretically they shed light on solving the contradiction of the minimum entropy production principle with balance equations in continuum mechanics.     

Application of entransy dissipation theory in heat convection

In the present work, formulas for calculating the rates of the local thermodynamic entransy dissipation in convective heat transfer in general, and the internal and external flows in particular, are established. Practically, these results may facilitate the application of entransy dissipation theory in thermal engineering. Theoretically they shed light on solving the contradiction of the minimum entropy production principle with balance equations in continuum mechanics.