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71.
Optimal diagonal precoder for multiantenna communication systems 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
In this paper, we examine a multiantenna single-user wireless communication system fitted with a QR-based successive cancellation receiver (QR receiver). Initially, our consideration is confined to uncoded binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signals transmitted through independent and identically distributed (IID) Rayleigh fading channels and to the design of an optimum precoder for the transmitter. For minimum feeding back of the channel state information (CSI) to the transmitter from the receiver, we stipulate the precoder to be in the form of a power loading square diagonal matrix. We proceed to develop the theory for the design of this diagonal matrix based on the minimization of the lower bound of the average bit error rate (BER) of transmission. The design obtained provides substantially lower error rates than most of other existing schemes under the same environment. The corresponding gain in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) can be several decibels. To further improve the performance, we extend the design to include an optimal detection order of the received bits using an iterative approach. This iterative process proves to have fast convergence and results in a design providing significant SNR gain. We also propose a subchannel dropping scheme for cases in which SNR is low, and when the minimum BER precoder is equipped with this scheme, its average performance can be substantially superior to the Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) detection. We extend our design of the optimum precoder to quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation scheme and similar performance gain has been observed. 相似文献
72.
Effect of boron on the low-cycle fatigue behavior and deformation structure of INCONEL 718 at 650 °C
L. Xiao M. C. Chaturvedi D. L. Chen 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(11):3477-3487
Symmetrical push-pull low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests were performed on INCONEL 718 (IN718) containing 12, 29, 60, and 100 ppm
B at 650 °C. The results showed that all the alloys experienced a relatively short period of initial cyclic hardening at low
strain amplitudes, followed by a regime of saturation or slightly continuous cyclic softening. The initial cyclic hardening
phase decreased with increasing strain amplitudes, and disappeared at the high strain amplitudes. A serrated flow was observed
in the plastic regions of cyclic stress-strain hysteresis loops. The saturated cyclic stress amplitude at a given strain amplitude
was highest for the alloy with 60 ppm B, and lowest for the alloy with 12 ppm B. The LCF lifetime increased with increasing
B concentration up to 60 ppm, and then decreased as the B content increased from 60 to 100 ppm. Fractographic analysis suggested
that the fracture mode changed from intergranular to transgranular cracking as the B concentration increased. The characteristic
deformation microstructures produced by LCF tests at 650 °C, examined via transmission electron microscopy, were regularly spaced arrays of planar deformation bands on {111} slip planes in all four
alloys. A ladderlike structure was observed in some local regions in the alloy with 12 ppm B. Heavily deformed planar deformation
bands were observed in the fatigued specimens with 100 ppm B. The mechanism of improvement in the LCF life of IN718 due to
B addition is discussed. 相似文献
73.
The Jian kiln, located in present-day Jianyang county of Fujian province, mainly produced black-glazed tea bowls. Jian tea bowl was used as a utensil for tea tasting and was greatly appreciated by emperor Huizong of the Northern Song dynasty. The black glaze of Jian bowl was sometimes marked with streaks or spots, usually called “hare's fur” or “oil spot”, which are the crystalline markings of iron oxide precipitated during firing in the dragon kiln. In this study, black-glazed Jian bowl sherds excavated from the late Northern Song strata of Luhuaping and Daluhoumen Jian kiln sites were adopted as test samples. Based on the physico-chemical foundation for the formation of glaze microstructure, the correlation among composition, microstructure, and visual appearance has been investigated by means of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and field emission electron microscopy. For the first time, the study provides realizing proofs for two kinds of microstructural forming mechanics. 相似文献
74.
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76.
Skim and whole milk powders were manufactured at lab scale by spray freeze drying (SFD), using liquid nitrogen as the cryogen. The polydispersity of droplet/particle sizes was limited using an encapsulator nozzle to atomize the feed. Particle morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Samples were compared with equivalent spray-dried powders in tests of wettability and dissolution in water. The spray freeze-dried powders were found to be highly porous, with a uniform structure of pores throughout the entire particles. When tested in water, SFD skim milk powders wetted roughly three times as fast as industrially spray-dried agglomerated skim milk powders and were observed to dissolve rapidly by breaking down into smaller particles. 相似文献
77.
78.
本文通过分析筼筜湖的自然概况、防汛排涝系统设施及实际运行等资料,提出进一步提高筼筜湖防汛排涝能力的对策。 相似文献
79.
Tian Xiao Qing Huo Liu 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》2008,56(3):765-773
In this paper, we present an enlarged cell technique (ECT) to avoid the time step reduction encountered in the conformal finite-difference time-domain (CFDTD) method due to small irregular cells truncated by metallic boundaries. We focus our efforts on the discussion of the accuracy and stability of the ECT and its comparison with other conformal methods, especially the one called the uniformly stable conformal (USC) method. We also provide a simplified ECT, which is much easier to implement. In the ECT, a stability criterion is first constructed to identify instable irregular cells, i.e., those having so small an area to cause instability. Those instable cells are then enlarged into their adjacent cells to obtain a large, stable area. Careful treatment is performed on the communication between the intruding and intruded cells in terms of electromotive force by keeping the total electromotive force conservative. This technique is verified by several 3-D numerical experiments. Results show that the ECT is second-order accurate and numerically stable at the regular Courant time step limit. 相似文献
80.