Concentration and bioaccumulation of dechlorane compounds in coastal environment of northern China

Dechloranes, including Dechlorane Plus (DP), Mirex (Dechlorane), Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602), Dechlorane 603 (Dec 603), and Dechlorane 604 (Dec 604), were determined using GC-MSD for water, sediment and oyster samples collected at 15 sampling sites near the Bohai and Huanghai Sea shore area of northern China in 2008. DP and Mirex were detected in most water, sediment, and oyster samples, which indicated widespread distribution of these two compounds. The mean concentrations in water, sediment and oyster samples, respectively, were 1.8 ng/L, 2.9 ng/g dry weight (dw) and 4.1 ng/g wet weight (ww) for total DP, and 0.29 ng/L, 0.90 ng/g dw, and 2.0 ng/g ww for Mirex. Dec 602 and Dec 603 were not detected in water but in small portions of the sediment and oyster samples, showing a low level of contamination by these two chemicals in the region. Strong and significant correlations were found between total DP and Mirex concentrations in water, sediment and oyster samples, probably suggesting similar local sources of these two chemicals. Dec 604 was not found in any samples. The biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of DP, Mirex, and Dec 602 declined along with the increase of their logarithm of octanol-water partition coefficients (log Kow), possibly indicating that compounds with lower log Kow (like Mirex and Dec 602) accumulated more readily in biota. The mean fractional abundance of syn-DP (fsyn) was 0.34 in water samples, a value lower than that in Chinese commercial mixture (0.41), while the mean fsyn for surface sediment (0.44) and oyster (0.45) samples were higher than technical values. Enrichment of syn-DP in oyster was in agreement with previously reported findings in Great Lakes fish. Enrichment of syn-DP in marine surface sediments, however, is contrary to data reported for fresh water sediments. To our knowledge this is the first report of Dec 602, Dec 603, and Dec 604 in a marine environment and also the first report of Dechloranes in marine biota.     

Proteomic analysis of responses of a new probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus casei Zhang to low acid stress

Tolerance to acid is an important feature for probiotic bacteria during transition through the gastrointestinal tract. Proteomics analysis of a new probiotic bacterium, Lactobacillus casei Zhang, was performed upon 30-min exposure to low acid stress (pH 2.5 vs. pH 6.4) using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Out of 33 protein spots that showed changes of expression between the two pHs, 22 showed 1.5-fold higher expression at pH 2.5 than at pH 6.4, whereas five spots had expression decreased by 1.5-fold at pH 2.5. There were also six protein spots that were exclusively present on different pH maps. Further analysis showed that eight of the enhanced proteins, NagA, NagB, PGM, GlmM, LacC, TDP, GALM and PtsI, were involved in carbohydrate catabolism. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of dnaK, nagB, galm, estC, tuf and luxS were consistent with changes in protein expression. We postulate that there might be some relationship between differentially expressed proteins and acid tolerance in L. casei Zhang.     

乳酸菌纯种发酵辣椒酱工艺研究

乳酸菌纯种发酵辣椒酱的最优生产工艺：接种量为5％、发酵温度35℃、发酵时间48h、菌种配比Lact．1：Lact．2为2：1。纯菌种发酵的辣椒过程中亚硝酸盐含量最高值仅为0．637mg／kg,而自然发酵时可达6．874mg／kg。     

响应曲面法优化黑莓叶中总黄酮的提取工艺

目的:采用实验设计确定影响黑莓叶中总黄酮提取的显著因素,优化提取工艺条件.方法:在单因素试验基础上,采用析因设计筛选提取条件关键因子;通过中心组合设计和响应面分析,建立自变量的数学模型,确定关键因子的水平.结果:超声波功率、时间和液料比对实验响应值有显著影响,优化的提取工艺条件是:微波功率757.8W、作用时间5.8 rin、液料比118.1.在此条件下提取的黑莓叶中总黄酮含量为21.96 mg/g.结论:所建回归模型能很好地预测黑莓叶中总黄酮的提取工艺.     

耐热乳酸菌肉品天然发酵剂的筛选鉴定

为获得发酵性能优良且具有较好耐热性的肉品发酵剂乳酸菌,通过溶钙圈法分离,乳酸纸层析、耐盐耐硝性、生物胺检测、产黏性、发酵葡萄糖产气、产H2S、抑菌实验初筛和产酸能力、耐热能力实验复筛,最终从5种传统发酵肉筛选出2株具有良好发酵特性和耐热性的菌株Y9、FL6。结合形态学、生理生化特征和16S rRNA序列分析鉴定后确定Y9为植物乳杆菌,FL6为戊糖片球菌。这两株菌都能在含6g/dL NaCl和150mg/kgNaNO2的MRS培养基中良好生长,其产酸速度快,24h内能将pH值降到4.0左右,还能抑制大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。经过水浴80℃处理1min后,发现菌株Y9、FL6活菌数依然维持在103、105CFU/mL左右,表现出较好的高温耐受力,可将两株菌复配后经喷雾干燥制成发酵剂菌粉。     

碳纤维复合材料在体育器材上的应用

碳纤维及其复合材料不仅在航天航空、汽车及其他工业领域得到广泛应用,而且也是体育器材开发最好的选材之一。介绍碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)应用在体育器材方面的优势以及成型工艺。通过典型实例阐述碳纤维这种高新技术材料运用于比赛器械,极大地推动了体育运动成绩的提高。碳纤维及其复合材料已成为发展现代体育器材必不可少的新材料之一。     

应用膜分离技术改进泰乐菌素提取工艺

应用超滤-纳滤组合膜分离技术对泰乐菌素发酵液进行提纯和浓缩,以取代原有的板框过滤。对不同材料、截留分子量的超滤和纳滤膜的筛选结果表明,超滤膜宜采用PES-150聚醚砜膜,纳滤膜宜采用聚酰胺复合纳滤膜DL 2540。发酵液采用硅藻土预处理,且超滤过程恒容累积加水250L,能提高82%的膜通量,此时泰乐菌素的收率达97%。发酵液超滤液与原板框滤液的泰乐菌素组分纯度基本一致,但超滤液萃取效果更好,萃取收率提高了20%～26%。DL 2540纳滤膜对超滤液进行3.5倍浓缩,平均通量可达41.3 L/(m2.h),通过纳滤收率可达99%,纳滤浓缩液萃取无乳化现象,所得萃取液的色度也较低。     

BGSLMB型全自动磨胶辊机使用体会

为提高胶辊磨砺质量,对BGSLMB型全自动磨胶辊机主要性能和特点进行了分析,对磨砺工艺进行了优选,并与国产磨胶辊机进行了磨砺质量对比.结果表明:BGSLMB型磨胶辊机磨砺质量较好,对成纱条干有较明显的改善作用.同时具有自动化程度高、用工省、耗电低、安全和环保性能好等特点.     

涤粘毛三合一嵌条花呢生产工艺的研究

利用常温常压可染阳离子涤纶、中长有光粘胶两种改性化纤和中长羊毛混纺开发生产涤粘毛三合一产品,制成的织物仿毛感强,色彩独特,面料轻薄,抗皱易洗,适合做高档衬衣.文中介绍了该产品的生产工艺流程、原料优选、各工艺参数配置,分析了生产中存在的主要问题及采取的措施,对企业实际生产有实际指导意义.     

无溶剂体系壳聚糖微球固定化脂肪酶制备油酸乙酯响应面优化分析

油酸乙酯是一种重要的化工原料,在食品和化妆品领域应用广泛.采用响应曲面法研究无溶剂体系中壳聚糖微球固定化脂肪酶催化制备油酸乙酯,考察了体系含水量、反应温度和底物摩尔比对油酸乙酯转化率的影响.研究结果表明:当反应时间8h,体系含水量ll%,反应温度47℃,底物摩尔比2.4:1,油酸乙酯转化率达到68.4%.壳聚糖微球固定化酶循环使用次数达6次,油酸乙酯转化率从68.4%降至32%.分2次加入乙醇,油酸乙酯转化率增加到74.2%.