Reversible Quadruple Switching with Optical,Chiroptical, Helicity,and Macropattern in Self‐Assembled Spiropyran Gels

Enantiomeric glutamate gelators containing a spiropyran moiety are designed and found to self‐assemble into a nanohelix through gelation. Upon alternating UV and visible light irradiation, the spiropyran experiences a reversible change between a blue zwitterionic merocyanine state and a colorless closed ring state spiropyran in supramolecular gels. This photochromic switch causes a series of subsequent changes in the optical, chiroptical, morphological properties from supramolecular to macroscopic levels. While the solution of the gelator molecules does not show any circular dichroism (CD) signal in the region of 250–700 nm due to the fact that the chromophore is far from the chiral center, the gel shows chiroptical signals such as CD and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) because of the chirality transfer by the self‐assembly. These signals are reversible upon alternating UV/vis irradiation. Therefore, a quadruple optical and chiroptical switch is developed successfully. During such process, the self‐assembled nanostructures from the enantiomeric supramolecular gels also undergo a reversible change between helices and fibers under the alternating UV and visible light trigger. Furthermore, a rewritable material fabricated from their xerogels on a glass is developed. Such rewritable material can be efficiently printed over 30 cycles without significant loss in contrast and resolution using UV and visible light.     

General Synthesis of Dual Carbon‐Confined Metal Sulfides Quantum Dots Toward High‐Performance Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries

Sponge‐like composites assembled by cobalt sulfides quantum dots (Co₉S₈ QD), mesoporous hollow carbon polyhedral (HCP) matrix, and a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) wrapping sheets are synthesized by a simultaneous thermal reduction, carbonization, and sulfidation of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks@GO precursors. Specifically, Co₉S₈ QD with size less than 4 nm are homogenously embedded within HCP matrix, which is encapsulated in macroporous rGO, thereby leading to the double carbon‐confined hierarchical composites with strong coupling effect. Experimental data combined with density functional theory calculations reveal that the presence of coupled rGO not only prevents the aggregation and excessive growth of particles, but also expands the lattice parameters of Co₉S₈ crystals, enhancing the reactivity for sodium storage. Benefiting from the hierarchical porosity, conductive network, structural integrity, and a synergistic effect of the components, the sponge‐like composites used as binder‐free anodes manifest outstanding sodium‐storage performance in terms of excellent stable capacity (628 mAh g^?1 after 500 cycles at 300 mA g^?1) and exceptional rate capability (529, 448, and 330 mAh g^?1 at 1600, 3200, and 6400 mA g^?1). More importantly, the synthetic method is very versatile and can be easily extended to fabricate other transition‐metal‐sulfides‐based sponge‐like composites with excellent electrochemical performances.     

An EME blind source separation algorithm based on generalized exponential function

This letter investigates an improved blind source separation algorithm based on Maximum Entropy （ME） criteria. The original ME algorithm chooses the fixed exponential or sigmoid ftmction as the nonlinear mapping function which can not match the original signal very well. A parameter estimation method is employed in this letter to approach the probability of density function of any signal with parameter-steered generalized exponential function. An improved learning rule and a natural gradient update formula of unmixing matrix are also presented. The algorithm of this letter can separate the mixture of super-Gaussian signals and also the mixture of sub-Gaussian signals. The simulation experiment demonstrates the efficiency of the algorithm.     

一个基于PE分层技术的电子政务网络平台

电子政务网络建设的主要目标就是建立一个开放的、基于标准的统一网络平台，并在该平台上实现政府不同部门之间的信息交换和资源共享，同时保证各部门信息的独立和安全。通过介绍电子政务网络建设中的主流技术——MPLSVPN，提出了一种基于该技术原理的PE分层技术，详细讨论了基于该分层技术的电子政务网络平台的实现过程和主要技术，并对其性能参数进行了测试与分析。     

激光衍射法测量表面张力和表面压

实验上实现了低频液体表面波的激光衍射,提出了激光衍射法测量液体表面张力和表面压。当激光斜入射到几百赫兹液体表面波上,观察到反射光形成稳定的、清晰的衍射光斑。理论上导出了衍射光斑的角宽度和表面波波长的解析关系,实验上验证了液体表面波的色散关系,计算了蒸馏水的表面张力和蒸馏水中加入不溶性表面活性剂———“苯”单分子膜的表面压。根据其机理,建立起一种实时、非接触测量液体表面张力和表面压的实用方法。     

焊膏印刷工艺参数的选择与优化

表面贴装工艺流程的关键工序之一就是焊膏印刷,其工艺控制的好坏直接影响着装配的线路板的质量。通过对印刷工艺参数的分析,利用试验设计的方法来找出关键工艺参数,并加以优化设定,从而为控制工序参数奠定基础。     

CIGS Thin Films for Cd-Free Solar Cells by One-Step Sputtering Process

Cu(In_1?x Ga _x )Se₂ (CIGS) thin films were deposited by a one-step radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering process using a quaternary CIGS target. The influence of substrate temperature on the composition, structure, and optical properties of the CIGS films was investigated. All the CIGS films exhibited the chalcopyrite structure with a preferential orientation along the (112) direction. The CIGS film deposited at 623 K showed significant improvement in film crystallinity and surface morphology compared to films deposited at 523 and 573 K. To simplify the manufacturing procedure of solar cells and avoid the use of the toxic element Cd, the properties of ZnS films prepared by RF sputtering were also investigated. The results revealed that the sputtered ZnS film exhibits good lattice matching with the sputtered CIGS film with significantly lower optical absorption loss. Finally, all-sputtered Cd-free CIGS-based heterojunction solar cells with the structure SLG/Mo/CIGS/ZnS/AZO/Al grids were fabricated without post-selenization. Furthermore, the results demonstrated the feasibility of using a full sputtering process for the fabrication of Cd-free CIGS-based solar cell.     

InAs/GaSb二类超晶格红外探测材料的ICP刻蚀

分别采用 Cl2/Ar和SiCl4/Ar作为刻蚀气体对InAs/GaSb二类超晶格红外探测材料进行ICP（Inductively Couple Plasma）刻蚀。结果表明,两种刻蚀气体的刻蚀深度与刻蚀时间都呈线性关系;在2 mTorr气压下,RF功率为50 W,SiCl4流量为3 sccm,Ar为9 sccm时,刻蚀速率为100 nm/min,且与材料的掺杂浓度无关。实验还表明,SiCl4/Ar作为刻蚀气体时,Ar流量在很大范围内对刻蚀速率没用明显影响,但Ar的流量越大,刻蚀的均匀性越好;用Cl2/Ar作为刻蚀气体时,刻蚀速率也是100 nm/min,但Ar流量对刻蚀速率有影响:当Ar流量小于3 sccm时,刻蚀速率随Ar流量的减小而明显降低。     

开关电容积分器的瞬态行为模型

对电路进行行为级模拟的关键是建立电子子模块的行为模型，用以描述电路模块的功能以及电路非理想效应的影响。本文采用瞬态分析方法，建立了基本模拟单元电路开关电容积分 的行为模型。由于对积分器中的运算放大器采用了单极点跨导运放模型，考虑了其有限增益、带宽、转换速率和输出阻抗的影响，提高了开关电容积分器行为模型的精度。电路模拟的结果表明，模型的误差在３％以内。     

室温下ZnS干涉滤光片的快速开关

本文中以连续Ar~+激光作为维持光,以脉冲Nd:YAG倍频激光作为触发光,用CW+P的方法在室温下实现了ZnS干涉滤光片的快速开关。开启时间为300ns。在理论上分析了实现快速开关的条件。