激光陀螺用压电陶瓷材料的制备与研究

通过文献调研设计了压电陶瓷配方,使用传统固相法制备目标压电陶瓷以达到大应变要求,以应用于激光陀螺激光稳频器中,通过r(Zr)/r(Ti)系列实验可得r(Zr)/r(Ti)=46/54组成在1 180℃烧结时获得最佳的压电介电性能,即压电常数d33≈640pC/N,弹性刚度系数cE11=60.61GPa,相对介电常数εT33/ε0≈3 300,介电损耗tanδ≈1.85%,机电耦合系数kp=0.655,居里温度TC=272℃。X线衍射(XRD)分析确认相界组成为r(Zr)/r(Ti)=46/54,扫描电镜(SEM)表明烧结温度对陶瓷晶粒尺寸有显著影响,在1 180~1 200℃之间晶粒尺寸显著增大。     

三自由度并联机构设计及优化

根据PPR支链的特性,分析并联机构的运动原理,设计出PPR驱动链的机械结构,拟定3-PPR并联平台的整体设计方案,优化并联机构和确定运动平台的具体结构设计,对运动台进行自由度分析,对于重要零件的结构用有限元进行分析.设计出的平面3-PPR并联机构,可以通过3个驱动的输入完成平面内的三轴运动,并能进行各种定位台动作;相比串联平面机构,该机构存在累积误差为0、刚性高、定位精度高、动作灵活、结构简单、制造成本低等优点,并克服了一般用于精密定位的3-PRP并联平台运动高度耦合、运动学解法复杂等难点;该机构具有较高的分辨率和简便的控制性能,能满足FPD设备领域对精密对位系统的迫切需求.     

Cell evolution and compressive properties of styrene–butadiene–styrene toughened and calcium carbonate reinforced polystyrene extrusion foams with supercritical carbon dioxide

Polystyrene (PS) foams have been used in various fields, whereas its broader application is limited by its low mechanical strength and brittle features. In this study, styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanoparticles were melt‐blended with PS and extrusion‐foamed with supercritical carbon dioxide as a blowing agent to simultaneously toughen and reinforce PS foams. Under the same foaming conditions, the addition of SBS and CaCO₃ was shown to have a significant influence on the cell structure and the compressive properties of the composite foams. We found that the cell structure evolution was highly correlated with the system viscosity. When the rubbery‐phase SBS content was 20%, the cell diameter decreased by 20.7%, and the compressive modulus was enhanced by 289.5%. With the further addition of 5% rigid CaCO₃ nanoparticles, the cell diameter was further reduced by 72.2% and the compressive modulus was improved by 379.2%. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43508.     

热处理对Ag-30Pd粉末相结构与形貌的影响

研究了热处理条件对不同方法制备的Ag-30Pd粉末的相结构与形貌的影响。结果表明,采用水合肼还原制备的Ag-30Pd共沉淀粉末,在335℃下经过油酸或氮气介质中液相或固相热处理后,粉末均朝合金化结构转变;采用抗坏血酸还原制备出的银钯合金粉初始为团聚颗粒,经400~450℃氮气气氛下热处理后,颗粒发生烧结而变得密实,结晶性提高;总体上,银钯共沉淀粉在335℃,合金粉在450℃的氮气保护下保温处理4 h后,粉末致密,粒径为1~3μm,可更好地满足银钯浆料的使用要求。     

Circulating Organ-Specific MicroRNAs Serve as Biomarkers in Organ-Specific Diseases: Implications for Organ Allo- and Xeno-Transplantation

Different cell types possess different miRNA expression profiles, and cell/tissue/organ-specific miRNAs (or profiles) indicate different diseases. Circulating miRNA is either actively secreted by living cells or passively released during cell death. Circulating cell/tissue/organ-specific miRNA may serve as a non-invasive biomarker for allo- or xeno-transplantation to monitor organ survival and immune rejection. In this review, we summarize the proof of concept that circulating organ-specific miRNAs serve as non-invasive biomarkers for a wide spectrum of clinical organ-specific manifestations such as liver-related disease, heart-related disease, kidney-related disease, and lung-related disease. Furthermore, we summarize how circulating organ-specific miRNAs may have advantages over conventional methods for monitoring immune rejection in organ transplantation. Finally, we discuss the implications and challenges of applying miRNA to monitor organ survival and immune rejection in allo- or xeno-transplantation.     

激光成形修复Inconel 625合金的工艺特性和组织研究

对激光成形修复Inconel 625合金的工艺特性以及不同区域的组织进行了研究。结果表明:激光成形修复Inconed625合金的工艺范围较宽;激光功率主要影响单道修复层的宽度;扫描速度对单道修复层的尺寸影响较为显著,而送粉率的影响较小。基材的相组成包括γ(Ni-Cr)基体相、大尺寸(约10μm)块状MC型碳化物(M为Nb和Ti)、沿晶界析出的小尺寸(约0.5μm)块状MC型碳化物以及不规则形状的Laves相。修复区组织为呈外延生长的柱状枝晶,相组成为γ基体相、沿枝晶界析出的Laves相以及少量MC型碳化物。层与层界面处Laves相析出急剧增加形成层间过渡区。     

-180℃深冷处理对7A99铝合金峰值时效强韧性能与析出行为的影响

对7A99超高强铝合金反向挤压板材采用T6峰值时效处理与-180℃冷热循环时效热处理(简称T6-DCT),通过XRD、TEM、HRTEM与3DAP研究-180℃深冷处理对7A99铝合金反向挤压板材强韧性能以及析出行为的影响。结果表明,-180℃冷热循环时效处理使得铝基体的晶格常数由由0.40551 nm 增至0.40626 nm,起到了一定的固溶强化作用;-180℃冷热循环时效处理后晶粒内部生成大量与基体非共格的η相,晶界处η相呈现断续分布并形成晶界无析出带,降低材料的拉伸强度;-180℃冷热循环时效处理促进基体中Zn和Mg元素原子的微观偏聚,导致了Zn和Mg元素的非均匀析出;-180℃深冷处理可以减小时效终态析出相的平均等效半径与析出密度,将等效半径由1.2 nm减小至1.14 nm,将析出密度由4.53×10₂₄/m₃降低至3.87×10₂₄ /m₃,削弱析出强化效果; -180℃冷热循环时效处理后合金的强韧匹配性能得到显著改善,强度略有降低,韧性显著提高。     

高含水率有机质河道底泥压缩性状试验研究

河道底泥的压缩性状是影响河道底泥环保疏浚设计及处置的一个关键因素,采集了4条河道的底泥,针对4种城市河道底泥和过氧化氢处理的底泥开展了一系列物理和压缩试验,研究河道底泥的压缩性状,探讨有机质含量对河道底泥压缩性状的影响规律。试验结果表明,河道底泥的有机质含量变化范围大,河道底泥的压缩性状与底泥的物理性状密切相关,与无机质土类似,初始孔隙比和液限孔隙比是河道底泥压缩性状的两个关键控制因素。有机质对底泥压缩性状的影响可以归结于液限孔隙比的改变,有机质含量主要影响河道底泥的液限和比重,进而导致河道底泥重塑屈服应力σ_(yr)~′和压缩性状发生改变。有机质含量越高,液限孔隙比越大,压缩指数越大,呈现出的压缩性越高。     

硫酸中Pb－PbO_2阳极的电催化性能

本文对铅及Ｐｂ－ＰｂＯ２在硫酸溶液中作为析氧阳极的特性进行了研究。考察了Ｐｂ－ＰｂＯ２阳极在２．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４中电解使用寿命，测定了铅和Ｐｂ－ＰｂＯ２阳极的极化曲线和电化学动力学参数（ａ、ｂ和ｉ０），结果表明Ｐｂ－ＰｂＯ２电极比铅电极的电催化性能优良。     

Design of a europium-activated lithium-silicate cyan phosphor via cation substitution

Lithium-containing silicates have been considered as a considerable alternative for luminescent materials. In this study, a novel cyan-emitting phosphor, Na₃LiHf₂Si₃O₁₂: Eu²⁺, was successfully synthesized via cationic substitution with Na₄Hf₂Si₃O₁₂: Eu²⁺ as the initial model. The crystal structure, morphology, and luminescence performance of Na_4-xLi_xHf₂Si₃O₁₂: Eu²⁺ were investigated in detail. The substitution of Li⁺ for Na⁺ site causes a significant blue-shift of the emission band in the range of 550–500 nm and a smaller full width at half maximum. As a result, a cyan phosphor Na₃LiHf₂Si₃O₁₂: Eu²⁺ that can be effectively excited by near-ultraviolet and high-energy beams is obtained. The mechanism of emission regulation was proposed based on the transformation of crystal structure and luminescence performance. In addition, the thermal quenching and cathodoluminescence behaviors were also studied. The results show that cation substitution is an effective method to design new lithium-containing silicate phosphors.