LA ICP-MS in microelectronics failure analysis

To keep up with the trend of integrating more functionality within lighter and smaller consumer electronics devices, the dimensions of components keep shrinking. Technologies such as high density interconnection, 3-D interconnection, system in package (SIP), and flexible circuit are becoming more commonly used. The smaller dimensions of the conductors and insulators (spacing) used in these technologies make them more sensitive to chemical contamination. Trace amounts of chemical contamination introduced during the manufacturing process or in the field can cause device failures. The failure mechanisms include inversion-induced leakage current, corrosion, and electro-chemical migration, to name a few. The complexity of materials used in a highly integrated system also poses new challenges for fault isolation and chemical characterization in failure analysis. This paper calls attention to the selection of appropriate analytical techniques in terms of spatial resolution and sensitivity, sample preparation complexity, throughput, and detection limitations. We present two failure analysis cases in which LA-ICP MS, in conjunction with other analytical techniques, was successfully used to identify the source of chemical contamination and the root cause.     

Enhancing Physicochemical Properties and Indium Leachability of Indium-Bearing Zinc Ferrite Mechanically Activated Using Tumbling Mill

The synthetic indium-bearing zinc ferrite (IBZF) was activated mechanically using a tumbling mill under different rotation speeds, milling times, media fillings, and ball-to-material ratios. Subsequently, the changes in the physicochemical properties and leaching behavior of IBZF induced by mechanical activation were studied by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), M?ssbauer spectrometry, particle size analysis, and leaching tests in sulfuric acid. The results showed that different milling conditions could form different particle size distribution, morphologies, and crystal structures, which influenced indium extraction differently. In addition, the indium extractions from various activated samples were related closely to the changes of physicochemical properties induced by mechanical activation. The strengthening effect of mechanical activation in IBZF decomposition lies mainly in the damage of crystal structure besides the decrease of the particle size because the indium-leaching efficiencies increased significantly with the increase of the damage of the crystal structure when the particle size is kept constant.     

挤出机双流道筒体的设计及换热能力的计算与分析

介绍了设计双流道筒体的必要性,通过建立物理、数学模型详细论述了双流道筒体的设计原理及换热计算过程,并通过试验对比分析验证了模型的可靠性,同时对单、双流道筒体的换热能力进行对比分析,得出了可靠的结论.     

浆态床合成气制二甲醚反应器数学模拟

建立了包括液相返混和催化剂颗粒沉降的合成气一步法制二甲醚浆态床反应器的数学模型,模拟计算了空速、原料气组成、反应温度、反应压力等反应条件对反应的影响。计算结果表明,CO转化率和二甲醚的选择性随温度增加、压力增大而提高,在一定温度、压力条件下,CO转化率随空速增大而减小,合成气含有一定量的CO2有利于CO转化率增加。     

缸体生产选用球墨生铁的几点意见

生产缸体时,在配料时选用石墨形态较接近灰铸铁片状石墨的球墨生铁(Q10、Q12)作为其配料的主要材料,能很好地解决生铁中粗大过共晶石墨的遗传性,避免缸筒壁出现黑点类缺陷,以及减少缸体的裂纹倾向等质量问题,获得石墨形态较为理想的灰铸铁,确保缸体的耐磨性和良好的使用性能。     

浅谈工程施工合同承包形式的实际应用

对建设工程施工合同的承包形式进行全面、系统的分类与分析,论述各种类型承包形式在实际中的应用。     

600MW机组循环水泵最佳运行方式的确定方法

针对600 MW机组存在循环水流量可连续调节和不可连续调节这两种不同的循环水系统,进行了循环水系统的特性试验比较和分析,分别采用收益平衡法和收益最大法这两种计算评价方法进行了循环水系统运行方式的节能优化计算,确定出各种不同机组负荷、不同循环水进水温度条件下的循泵优化运行方式。有关计算结果可以直接用于指导运行人员进行循泵的优化调整。     

基于嵌入式智能监控系统的IO直控云台结构

本文分析了现有数宇监控系统中的云台控制法,该方法基于派尔高协议通过串口间接控制云台：提出了基于智能监控系统的嵌入式IO直控云台结构,并结合S3C2440处理器设计了硬件结构、编写了嵌入式LinuX操作系统下的驱动程序。     

气体先进再燃脱硝试验研究

选用天然气和液化石油气作再燃燃料,氨水和尿素作还原剂,碳酸钠和乙醇作添加剂,采用锅炉燃烧模拟装置研究了多种形式先进再燃的脱硝性能。结果表明：先进再燃比基本再燃脱硝效率明显提高。在典型条件：再燃比为15%,再燃温度为1 273 K,氨氮摩尔比为1.5时,天然气和液化石油气先进再燃脱硝效率分别达到82%~88%和82%~ 92%,而氨的有效利用率比SNCR中的低。碳酸钠能有效拓宽还原剂脱硝温度窗口,乙醇则对还原剂脱硝有一定的抑制作用。还原剂远离燃尽风喷入燃尽区下游适宜温度范围内,可获得更高的脱硝效率和还原剂利用率。先进再燃与SNCR复合脱硝效率可达90%以上,是一种高效的脱硝方法。     

不同煤粉高压密相气力输送特性实验研究

在输送压力可达3.6 MPa,输送速率通量可达4 600 kg×s-1×m-2的气力输送中试实验台上,进行3种煤粉(内蒙、大同和兖州煤粉)、同一煤种(内蒙煤粉)不同粒径的高压密相气力输送的系统实验研究。考察输送压力、总输送差压、流化风流量、煤粉粒径和煤粉种类等因素对输送特性的影响。研究结果表明,高压条件更有利于实现较高固相速率通量的低速密相输送;输送速率通量随着流化风流量的增大而先略增后略降;系统的输送能力随着煤粉粒径和水分的增大而降低,且水分的影响更大;不同管段的压降呈现不同的特征,说明管段的布置影响流动阻力和稳定性;煤粉颗粒大小和固气比均是影响压降特征的重要因素。