Finite-element simulation of induction heat treatment

An efficient finite-element procedure has been developed for the analysis of induction heat treatment problems involving nonisothermal phase changes. The finite-element procedure first simulates the magnetic field developed when currents flow through an induction coil by solving Maxwell’s electromagnetic field equations; at the following step, it calculates the temperature distribution in the workpiece due to eddy currents induced by the magnetic field. The final stage of the simulation involves the determination of the distributions of residual stress, hardness, and microstructure in the workpiece. The finite-element analysis includes temperature-dependent material properties, changes in permeability of the workpiece at the Curie temperature, a mixed hardening rule to describe the material constitutive model, and the incorporation of time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram. The procedure was applied to the simulation of the induction hardening of 1080 steel bar. Firstly, the magnetic field and temperatures developed in the workpiece during (a) the induction heating of an infinitely long 1080 steel cylinder by a single encircling coil and (b) the induction heating of a semi-infinite half-space by a single coil suspended above it were calculated using the finite-element procedures. These were validated by comparing them with analytical solutions derived for these configurations using a Green’s function method. Finally, to demonstrate the predictive capability and practical applicability of the current finite-element procedure, two examples pertaining to the induction heat treatment of an infinite 1080 steel bar of square cross section and a notched finite 1080 steel cylinder of circular cross section were analyzed to predict the magnetic field, temperature, and residual stress distributions. The current finite-element procedure could be used as a powerful design tool for linking induction heat treating parameters with the mechanical property attributes of the heat treated component.     

负热膨胀材料立方ZrMo2O8的制备研究

以ZrO(NO3)2和N6H24Mo7O24·4H2O等为原料,采用湿化学法制备出立方相ZrMo2O8粉体.对前驱体在室温～800℃进行了TG-DSC测试,采用XRD、SEM对立方相ZrMo2O8粉体进行了分析观测.结果表明亚稳相立方ZrMo2O8的制备对热处理工艺十分敏感,采用湿化学法在450℃制各出单一立方相ZrMo2O8粉体,在室温～400℃热膨胀系数为-4.337×10-6K-1.     

钻进过程中金刚石钻头磨损规律试验研究

为了研究人造金刚石孕镶钻头(以下简称钻头)磨损规律，采用均质人造岩石(瓷砖)进行钻进试验，并在试验过程中采用对钻头唇面进行连续显微照相和将钻头称重的方法，获得以下三点结论：(1)在钻进过程中，钻头唇面上出露出的金刚石量呈周期性变化，每变化一个周期钻头就换一层新的金刚石；(2)钻头的钻速随钻头唇面出露金刚石量而变化，金刚石出露多，钻头钻速高，反之亦然；(3)钻头磨损速度随钻头钻速的变化而变化，钻头钻速高，钻头磨损速度快，反之亦然。     

The improvement of thermal error modeling and compensation on machine tools by CMAC neural network

In this paper, a cerebellar model articulation controller (CMAC) neural network is proposed for thermal error modeling in machine tools. The CMAC is a systematic learning algorithm which can search for the nonlinear and interaction characteristics between the thermal errors and temperature field on the machine tools. The CMAC is investigated in terms of accuracy in prediction, robustness to sensor placement, speed of learning, and tolerance to sensor failures. Experimental measurements of the spindle drift errors for both a horizontal machining center and a CNC turning center were performed using capacitance sensors and thermal sensors. Results show that the CMAC model has better performance than other modeling methods in robustness to sensor placement and speed of learning. This makes determination of the sensor locations easier, and reduces calibration time. In addition, a sensor failure detection algorithm is developed to provide better reliability.     

EFFECT OF Al ON THE MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF GRAIN-ORIENTED 3%Si-Fe

本文研究了钢中Al含量对晶粒取向3％Si-Fe磁性的显著影响。用氢抽取法测定了钢中固溶氮及化合氮,结果表明:有效抑制初次晶粒正常长大的AlN量随钢中Al含量的变化而显著不同,酸溶铝量为0.005—0.02％时(N～0.007％),析出的有效AlN量最高。考虑到最佳磁性所对应的酸溶铝量的范围,则不难明白,钢中的Al主要是通过形成AlN抑制相而对成品磁性产生影响。     

大型钛合金压气机盘超塑性等温锻造模具结构及工艺参数实验研究

通过超塑拉伸和压缩试验，用金属铅进行模拟实验，探讨了大型ＴＣ１１合金压气机盘超塑性等温锻造的工艺参数，模具结构，锻坯形状尺寸及润滑剂的选择、并讨论了其模具材料及加热方式的选择。     

大型GH4169合金铸锭开坯过程的数值模拟

采用全三维有限元方法对大锭型开坯过程进行变形．传热耦合分析，定量计算了铸锭在整个工艺过程中热力参数（应变、应变速率和温度）的分布及演化情况；分析了铸锭的锻透性；获得了开坯后坯料内部应变和温度的分布规律，并与实际生产中的金相检测结果进行了对比。结果表明，模拟结果与试验结果一致，可为科学地制定大规格GH4169合金铸锭的开坯工艺提供理论依据。     

金品纯度的比重法测定

介绍了金品纯度的测定方法,推导出了比较实用的纯度计算、杂质估算和温度影响等几个表达式。     

EDXRF法直接测定氧化物陶瓷材料组分

叙述了用能量色散X射线荧光法(EDXRF)同时测定氧化物陶瓷材料组分的分析方法。该方法对样品无损，可直接测定ZrO2 Y2O3，ZrO2 CaO，ZrO2 Y2O3 CaO 3种陶瓷材料中的CaO，Y2O3和ZrO2；该方法快速、简便、可适用于粉末混合料和经高温烧结后的上述3种陶瓷材料；测定各组分的含量范围为：2％-25％的CaO，1．5％-20％的Y2O3，70％-98％的ZrO2，测定CaO和Y2O3的相对标准偏差好于2％，测定ZrO2的相对标准偏差好于1％。     

Ti9Al合金的氢塑性效应

采用真空自耗电弧炉熔炼制备Ti9Al合金，通过渗氢处理显著提高氢含量，在凸轮塑性试验机ЧПИ-2上以10mm／min的速度进行热模拟试验。研究发现：氢可以降低Ti9Al合金的相变温度，扩大α β区的温度范围；氢作为卢稳定剂会妨碍或完全抑制以Ti3Al为基的α2相的析出；钛合金的氢合金化可促使卢相在更低温度下稳定化，明显地提高了Ti9Al合金塑性。