连铸工艺参数对圆管坯内部质量的影响初探

通过对圆管坯连铸钢水过热度、拉坯速度及二次冷却配水的系列试验,分析了其浇注工艺参数对铸坯内部裂纹及结晶组织结构的影响。通过进一步优化工艺参数,减少了圆管坯内部裂纹,扩大中心等轴晶区。缩短柱状晶区,使圆管坯质量得以改善,从而提高了圆管坯的穿孔性能,减少钢管内折。     

不同温度区间内污泥热解气固相产物特征

对城市污水污泥（简称污泥）进行工业分析和热重分析,考察污泥的基本组成和热重特性;采用气相色谱（GC）检测了不同热解温度区间内污泥热解生成的气体产物成分,并利用SEM和BET分别分析了不同热解终温下裂解炭的形貌特征和比表面积。结果表明：污泥热解可以分为水分析出阶段、挥发分析出阶段和焦炭化阶段;不同热解温度区间内污泥热解气体产物的组成有很大差别,热解温度350℃后H₂在热解气中的含量快速增加,CH₄含量在350～450℃时达到最大值,而CO主要在热解温度为350～750℃时生成,CO₂含量随着热解温度的增加迅速下降;随着热解终温的不断升高,裂解炭结构变得越来越疏松,比表面积也随之增大,750℃达到最大值55 m²·g^-1。     

Finite-element-based photoacoustic tomography: phantom and chicken bone experiments

We describe a photoacoustic image reconstruction algorithm that is based on the finite-element solution to the photoacoustic wave equation in the frequency domain. Our reconstruction approach is an iterative Newton method coupled with combined Marquardt and Tikhonov regularizations that can extract the spatial distribution of optical-absorption property in heterogeneous media. We demonstrate this algorithm by using phantom and chicken bone measurements from a circular scanning photoacoustic tomography system. The results obtained show that millimeter-sized phantom objects and chicken bones and/or joints can be clearly detected using our finite-element-based photoacoustic tomography method.     

Two-dimensional bioluminescence tomography: numerical simulations and phantom experiments

The reconstruction of internal light sources in bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is a challenging inverse problem because of the limited amount of information available compared with that for other kinds of tomography such as fluorescence tomography in which external illumination sources are used. We demonstrated previously, using phantom experiments, that a target containing luciferases could be detected tomographically when the target was located relatively close to the imaging boundary. Here we describe an improved BLT reconstruction method that can detect luciferase-containing targets located anywhere within an imaging domain. The method is tested with numerical simulations and further confirmed with several phantom experiments.     

Quantitative reconstruction of refractive index distribution and imaging of glucose concentration by using diffusing light

We show that a two-step reconstruction method can be adapted to improve the quantitative accuracy of the refractive index reconstruction in phase-contrast diffuse optical tomography (PCDOT). We also describe the possibility of imaging tissue glucose concentration with PCDOT. In this two-step method, we first use our existing finite-element reconstruction algorithm to recover the position and shape of a target. We then use the position and size of the target as a priori information to reconstruct a single value of the refractive index within the target and background regions using a region reconstruction method. Due to the extremely low contrast available in the refractive index reconstruction, we incorporate a data normalization scheme into the two-step reconstruction to combat the associated low signal-to-noise ratio. Through a series of phantom experiments we find that this two-step reconstruction method can considerably improve the quantitative accuracy of the refractive index reconstruction. The results show that the relative error of the reconstructed refractive index is reduced from 20% to within 1.5%. We also demonstrate the possibility of PCDOT for recovering glucose concentration using these phantom experiments.     

高Si奥氏体高Mn钢加工硬化行为及机制的研究

设计了一种低应力下容易发生ε马氏体转变的Fe-17Mn-6Si-0.3C高Si高Mn钢.采用OM,XRD和TEM研究了高Si高Mn钢和传统高Mn钢在静态拉伸和动态冲击时的力学性能及组织演化.结果表明:静态拉伸下高Si高Mn钢比传统高Mn钢具有更高的加工硬化速率;动态冲击下高Si高Mn钢的表面硬度高于传统高Mn钢,而冲击变形量却显著低于传统高Mn钢.高Si高Mn钢变形时应力诱发ε马氏体转变的优先发生是导致上述结果的原因,这个结果间接证实了传统高Mn钢的异常加工硬化能力来源于形变孪晶的形成及其因C原子存在导致的严重晶格畸变.     

基于马氏体区域化形成的免训练铸造Fe-Mn-Si-Cr-Ni形状记忆合金 Ⅱ.退火对形状记忆效应的影响

采用OM和铁素体测量仪研究了铸态Fe-18Mn-5.5Si-9.5Cr-4Ni合金的微观组织随退火温度的改变及其对合金形状记忆效应的影响.结果表明,在773-1173 K之间退火处理能进一步提高合金的形状记忆效应.经973 K退火30 min后,合金的可恢复变形量达到了6.4%,比训练4次的常规Fe-14Mn-5Si-8Cr-4Ni合金高1.2%.当铸态合金在低于1173 K退火30min后,δ铁素体仍为条状,变形时能使应力诱发ε马氏体以区域化的方式形成,合金具有良好的形状记忆效应;当退火温度高于1273 K时,δ铁素体将固溶到奥氏体中,体积分数减少.当退火温度进一步升高到1423 K时,δ铁素体的体积分数显著增加,形态由条状演变为岛状.条状δ铁素体体积分数的减少和岛状δ铁素体的形成导致δ铁素体不能有效分割奥氏体晶粒,合金的形状记忆效应显著下降.     

Preparation of B<Subscript>4</Subscript>C-ZrB<Subscript>2</Subscript>-SiC eutectic ceramics by arc melting method

The B₄C-ZrB₂-SiC ternary composites with super hard and high toughness were obtained by arc melting in argon atmosphere. Microstructures were observed by SEM, and phase compositions were analyzed by XRD. The hardness and fracture toughness of ternary composites are 28 GPa and 4.5 MPa·m^1/2. The eutectic mole composition is 0.39B₄C-0.25ZrB₂-0.36SiC, and the eutectic lamellar microstructure is composed of B₄C matrix with the lamellar ZrB₂ and SiC grains.     

Effects of Thermally Induced Cyclic γ ↔ ε Transformation on Shape Memory Effect of a Quenched FeMnSiCrNi Alloy

The effects of thermally induced cyclic γ ? ε transformation on microstructures and shape memory effect (SME) are investigated in a quenched Fe14Mn5.5Si8.0Cr5.0Ni alloy. The results show that the annealing at 773 K remarkably improves the SME in the quenched alloy. One thermal cycling between 290 and 773 K remarkably increases the SME, but the further thermal cycling hardly improves the SME. The reason is that the amount of thermal ε martensite remarkably reduces after annealing at 773 K, but it hardly changes with the further increase of thermal cycling between 290 and 773 K. The pre‐existing thermal ε martensite not only prevents the occurrence of stress‐induced ε martensitic transformation but also promotes the formation of α′ martensite.     

Diffuse optical tomography guided quantitative fluorescence molecular tomography

We describe a method that combines fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT) with diffuse optical tomography (DOT), which allows us to study the impact of heterogeneous optical property distribution on FMT, an issue that has not been systemically studied. Both numerical simulations and phantom experiments were performed based on our finite-element reconstruction algorithms. The experiments were conducted using a noncontact optical fiber free, multiangle transmission system. In both the simulations and experiments, a fluorescent target was embedded in an optically heterogeneous background medium. The simulation results clearly suggest the necessity of considering the absorption coefficient (mu(a)) and reduced scattering coefficient (mu'(s)) distributions for quantitatively accurate FMT, especially in terms of the accuracy of reconstructed fluorophore absorption coefficient (mu(a(x-->m))). Subsequent phantom experiments with an indocyanine green (ICG)-containing target confirm the simulation findings. In addition, we performed a series of phantom experiments with low ICG concentration (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1.0 microM) in the target to systematically evaluate the quantitative accuracy of our FMT approach. The results indicate that, with the knowledge of optical property distribution, the accuracy of the recovered fluorophore concentration is improved significantly over that without such a priori information. In particular absolute value of mu(a(x-->m) ) from our DOT guided FMT are quantitatively consistent with that obtained using spectroscopic methods.