一种两相流浓度测量传感器的仿真研究

在石油,化工等诸多生产领域的生产过程中,两相流各种参数的在线实时测量与控制是生产稳定可靠运行的重要保证,其中相浓度就是一项十分重要的参数;为了避免电容传感器结构对相浓度的影响,设计了一种同轴电容传感器,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS 对其进行了分析,在不同浓度相同流型及相同浓度不同流型两种实验方案下进行了大量实验;结果表明,该结构传感器具有均匀的敏感场分布和较高的灵敏度,而且该结构传感器电容值与流型无关,只与浓度变化有关;因此该结构传感器可应用于气/液、液/液两相流浓度参数检测,具有广阔的应用前景.     

Radial Corrugations of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Driven by Inter-Wall Nonbonding Interactions

We perform large-scale quasi-continuum simulations to determine the stable cross-sectional configurations of free-standing multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). We show that at an inter-wall spacing larger than the equilibrium distance set by the inter-wall van der Waals (vdW) interactions, the initial circular cross-sections of the MWCNTs are transformed into symmetric polygonal shapes or asymmetric water-drop-like shapes. Our simulations also show that removing several innermost walls causes even more drastic cross-sectional polygonization of the MWCNTs. The predicted cross-sectional configurations agree with prior experimental observations. We attribute the radial corrugations to the compressive stresses induced by the excessive inter-wall vdW energy release of the MWCNTs. The stable cross-sectional configurations provide fundamental guidance to the design of single MWCNT-based devices and shed lights on the mechanical control of electrical properties.     

砂型厚度对熔铸锆刚玉冷却过程中传导热通量的影响

为选择合适的砂型厚度,提高铸件成品率,利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件模拟了33#锆刚玉熔体的冷却过程,分析了SiO2砂型厚度(分别为30、40、50 mm)对冷却过程中铸件传导热通量分布和变化的影响。结果表明:1)SiO2砂型热导率小,不利于铸件表面的快速冷却;铸件中心截面上角部热通量大,冷却速度大,中心附近区域热通量小,冷却速度小。2)砂型厚度增加,铸件的最大热通量减小,冷却速度减小,而最大热通量的面积增大,有利于减小不同部位冷却速度差别;但厚度继续增加不能显著改善冷却速度不均现象,反而导致砂型工段成本增加和劳动强度显著增大,因此砂型厚度以40 mm为宜。     

火烧油层点火温度和稳定燃烧温度的计算方法

应用Arrhenius经验公式和Semenov点火温度定义,经理论推导得出原油点火温度和稳定燃烧温度计算公式。利用前人试验数据,计算出公式中的经验参数,确定了公式的具体表达形式,得出点火温度和稳定燃烧温度值基本上仅与原油性质有关的结论。点火温度计算公式为火烧油层实施工艺设计提供了新方法,稳定燃烧温度计算公式为判断地下原油燃烧情况提供了新依据。     

复混肥料中氯化物含量分析测试的研究

采用电位滴定法对复混肥料中氯化物含量进行准确测定,克服了化学分析法的不足,重现性好,便于推广应用。     

凹凸棒石-针铁矿改性麦秸木质陶瓷的微观结构

以凹凸棒石、针铁矿和小麦秸秆为原料,添加少量的环氧树脂作为黏结剂,在适宜的温度和气氛下煅烧,同步完成了生物质碳化、凹凸棒石热活化及针铁矿的还原,获得了具有高气孔率和强磁性的凹凸棒石-针铁矿改性麦秸木质陶瓷,利用XRD和SEM分析了原料质量比及焙烧温度对其物相及微观结构的影响。结果表明:凹凸棒石-针铁矿改性麦秸木质陶瓷是一种非晶态多孔质碳素材料,在相同温度下,原料的质量比对其物相几乎无影响;随着焙烧温度的升高,凹凸棒石的特征衍射峰逐渐消失,凹凸棒石-针铁矿改性麦秸木质陶瓷中有新的物相产生。     

NUMERICAL DESIGN OF EFFICIENT SLOTTED FIN SURFACE BASED ON THE FIELD SYNERGY PRINCIPLE

In this article, a numerical investigation of the flow and heat transfer in a three-row finned-tube heat exchanger is conducted with a three-dimensional laminar conjugated model. Four types of fin surfaces are studied; one is the whole plain plate fin, and the other three are of slotted type, called slit 1, slit 2, and slit 3. All four fin surfaces have the same global geometry dimensions. The three slotted fin surfaces have the same numbers of strips, which protrude upward and downward alternatively and are positioned along the flow direction according to the rule of “front coarse and rear dense.” The difference in the three slotted fins is in the degree of “coarse” and “dense” along the flow direction. Numerical results show that, compared to the plain plate fin, the three types of slotted fin all have very good heat transfer performance in that the percentage increase in heat transfer is higher than that in the friction factor. Among the three slotted fin surfaces, slit 1 behaves the best, followed by slit 2 and slit 3 in order. Within the Reynolds number range compared ( from 2,100 to 13,500), the Nusselt number of slit 1 is about 112–48% higher than that of the plain plate fin surface under the identical pumping constraint. An analysis of the essence of heat transfer enhancement is conducted from the field synergy principle, which says that the reduction of the intersection angle between the velocity and the temperature gradient is the basic mechanism for enhancing convective heat transfer. It is found that for the three comparison constraints the domain-average synergy angle of slit 1 is always the smallest, while that of the plain plate fin is the largest, with slit 2 and slit 3 being somewhat in between. The results of the present study once again show the feasibility of the field synergy principle and are helpful to the development of new types of enhanced heat transfer surfaces.     

Biomolecules-Incorporated Metal-Organic Frameworks Gated Light-Sensitive Organic Photoelectrochemical Transistor for Biodetection

Incorporating biomolecules into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as exoskeletons to form biomolecules-MOFs biohybrids has attracted great attention as an emerging class of advanced materials. Organic devices have been shown as powerful platforms for next-generation bioelectronics, such as wearable biosensors, tissue engineering constructs, and neural interfaces. Herein, biomolecules-incorporated MOFs as innovative gating module is realized for the first time, which is exemplified by biocatalytic precipitation (BCP)-oriented horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-embedded zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (HRP@ZIF-90)/CdIn₂S₄ gated organic photoelectrochemical transistor under light illumination. In connection to a sandwich immunocomplexing targeting the model analyte human IgG, the IgG-dependent generation of H₂O₂ and the tandem HRP-triggered BCP reaction can cause the in situ blocking of the pore network of ZIF-90, leading to variant gating effect with corresponding responses of the device. This representative biodetection achieved good analytical performance with a wide linear range and a low detection limit of 100 fg mL⁻¹. In the view of the plentiful biomolecule-MOF complexes and their potential interactions with organic systems, this study provides a proof-of-concept study for the generic development of biomolecules-MOFs-gated electronics and beyond.