Surface charge accumulation and decay on a spacer stressed with DC voltages at atmospheric conditions

Contents Surface charge accumulation and its decay at a GIS spacer are studied at atmospheric conditions employing a two step-calibration method. The results show that the accumulation saturates within 30 minutes; the dominant mechanism of surface charge accumulation is the drift of charged particles via air, while that of the decay is surface conduction. The characteristics are similar at both polarities.

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Sättigungskonzentration und Abklingverhalten der Oberflächenladung an einem mit Gleichspannung beanspruchten Abstandshalter unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen

Übersicht Die Konzentration und das Abklingen von Oberflächenladungen an einem GIS Abstandshalter wurden unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen mit Hilfe eines zweistufigen Kalibrierungsverfahrens untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine Sättigung der Ladungskonzentration innerhalb von 30 Minuten. Als Hauptursache der Ladungskonzentration ist die Drift geladener Teilchen in Luft anzusehen, während das Abklingen auf die Oberflächenleitung zurückzuführen ist. Ähnliche Charakteristiken ergeben sich mit beiden Polaritäten.

     

High-T/sub 0/ strain-compensated InGaAsSb-AlGaAsSb quantum-well lasers emitting at 2.43 /spl mu/m

Strain-compensated InGaAsSb-AlGaAsSb quantum-well (QW) lasers emitting near 2.5 /spl mu/m have been grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy. The relatively high arsenic composition causing a tensile strain in the Al/sub 0.25/GaAs/sub 0.08/Sb barriers lowers the valence band edge and the hole energy level, leading to an increased hole confinement and improved laser performance. A 60% external differential efficiency in pulsed mode was achieved for 1000-/spl mu/m-long lasers emitting at 2.43 /spl mu/m. A characteristic temperature T/sub 0/ as high as 163 K and a lasing-wavelength temperature dependence of 1.02 nm//spl deg/C were obtained at room temperature. For 2000 /spl times/ 200 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ broad-area three-QW lasers without lateral current confinement, a low pulsed threshold of 275 A/cm/sup 2/ was measured.     

微胞囊技术及产品F-500多功能灭火剂

介绍了微胞囊技术及产品F-500的灭火原理和优势。     

沉默的文化——妇女的住房和土地权利

我们即将对第四届妇女大会（北京）召开十年以来的妇女发展状况进行回顾，并且要对千年发展目标的执行情况进行中期评估。因此，我们有必要对那些影响妇女日常生活的关键问题进行审视并采取相应的行动，这些问题一直被各国政府和国际社会所忽视。     

Robust adaptive control of robotic manipulators without the regressor matrix

A new adaptive controller is presented here for rigid-body robotic manipulators. It is stable and robust with respect to a class of external disturbances. The robustness of the adaptive controller is established without the ‘slow-varying’ assumption and the computationally demanding regressor matrix. The control law consists of a non-adaptive PD control part and an adaptive control part. It uses two adaptive matrices to compensate two uniformly bounded coefficient matrices derived from the original dynamics. A α σ|q?|-modified adaptive law is designed to adjust the adaptive matrices. A Lyapunov-type stability analysis indicates that the closed-loop system is uniformly ultimately bounded. The tracking error and compensation error will eventually converge into a closed region, which can be made arbitrarily small by adjusting the controller parameters. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller.     

温度,压力对漂移室气体增益的影响

研究了温度及气体压力对漂移室（工作于正比区）气体放大倍数的影响，温度和气体压力的变化范围分别是５￣４０℃及９０￣１０５ｋＰａ。用实验数据拟合得到了函数关系并测量了几种饱和度下函数中的参数值。     

RADIOACTIVE OR NATURAL TRACER。TECHNIQUES FOR LEAK DETERMINING OF DAM ABUTMENT

Infiltration and localization of preferential infiltration zones at the dam abutment are measured using radioactive tracer tests of flow in boreholes,meanwhile interconnection between boreholes and the energing water points is analysed.The theory and practice of radioactive tracer synthetic detective method are described to give methods and calculation formulae used under the condition of stable flow in single well to measure permeability coefficient and hydrostatic heads.Major single hole techniques including measurement for seepage line,velocity,rate of seepage flow and relationship of recharge of groundwater in aquifers are introduced briefly.The possibilities offered by natureal tracers are analysed,uincluding electric-conduct,pH-value and temperature of water as well as stable isotopes(D,^18O) and tritium.Furthermore,the sensibilities of this theory and methods were confirmed by detecting seepage flow field of Xinanjiang Dam.     

Information analysis of single photon emission computed tomography with count losses

An analysis is presented of the information transfer from emitter-space to detector-space in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) systems. The analysis takes into account the fact that count loss side information is generally not available at the detector. Side information corresponds to the number gamma-rays lost deleted due to lack of interaction with the detector data. It is shown that the information transfer depends on the structure of the likelihood function of the emitter locations associated with the detector data. This likelihood function is the average of a set of ideal-detection likelihood functions, each matched to a particular set of possible deleted gamma-ray paths. A lower bound is derived for the information gain due to incorporating the count loss side information at the detector. This is shown to be significant when the mean emission rate is small or when the gamma-ray deletion probability is strongly dependent on emitter location. Numerical evaluations of the mutual information, with and without side information, associated with information-optimal apertures and uniform parallel-hole collimators are presented.     

A conditional classification recurrent RBM for improved series mid-term forecasting

In the context of human-robot and robot-robot interactions, the better cooperation can be achieved by predicting the other party’s subsequent actions based on the current action of the other party. The time duration for adjustment is not sufficient provided by short term forecasting models to robots. A longer duration can by achieved by mid-term forecasting. But the mid-term forecasting models introduce the previous errors into the follow-up forecasting and amplified gradually, eventually invalidating the forecasting. A new mid-term forecasting with error suppression based on restricted Boltzmann machine(RBM) is proposed in this paper. The proposed model can suppress the error amplification by replacing the previous inputs with their features, which are retrieved by a deep belief network(DBN). Furthermore, a new mechanism is proposed to decide whether the forecasting result is accepted or not. The model is evaluated with several datasets. The reported experiments demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.

     

Intrinsically patterned electrical systems: physical requirements and experimental demonstration

Microsystem Technologies - This paper introduces a method of replicating electrical circuits through a series of specific requirements as part of a design methodology referred to as Intrinsically...