近十年常温干法精脱硫专利技术发展动态

收集了近十年来国内的常温干法精脱硫专利，并分类列举出各种脱硫剂的物化性质和几种常温精脱硫工艺，重点阐述了该技术的优缺点及其未来发展方向。     

Soap‐free emulsion copolymerization of perfluoroalkyl acrylates in the presence of a reactive surfactant

Soap‐free emulsion copolymerization of perfluoroalkyl acrylate (FA)/methyl methacrylate (MMA)/n‐butyl acrylate (n‐BA) was carried out in the presence of sodium 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl propanesulfonate (AMPSNa) as a reactive surfactant and potassium persulfate (KPS) as an initiator. An analysis of the effects of concentration of AMPSNa, KPS, FA as well as polymerization temperature on the kinetic features (rate of polymerization) and colloidal characteristics (mean particle diameter, particle disperse index, particle numbers, and surface charge density) was followed. NMR, FTIR, AFM, and fluorine‐selective electrode analysis were used to characterize the composition and morphology of the FA copolymers. Both AFM analysis and contact angle measurements strongly implied that the fluorinated segments migrated to the outmost surface and created films with lower surface energy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2438–2444, 2007     

A kinetic model for polystyrene (PS) pyrolysis reaction

A mathematical model for the pyrolysis reaction of polystyrene (PS) in a semi-batch reactor has been presented. The thermal degradation of PS was flexibly modeled by a combination of random and specific chain-end scissions. Numerical simulation was used to investigate the effect of operating conditions on the PS products spectrum, the results of which were validated by the experimental data. It was found that as the reaction temperature increased (decreased), the monomer fraction in the products became lower (higher) while the trimer higher (lower). No significant variation in the product composition was, however, observed while constant temperature was maintained. These results indicate the reaction temperature is an effective manipulated variable for the control of products composition of PS pyrolysis. The calculation of the optimum temperature trajectories through the optimization study can thus be of interest for achieving productivity enhancement in plastics pyrolysis processes. This paper is dedicated to Professor Dong Sup Doh on the occasion of his retirement from Korea University.     

Modification of silk with aminated polyepichlorohydrin to improve dyeability with reactive dyes

Reactive dyes have almost complete exhaustion and ideal fixation on aminated polyepichlorohydrin pretreated silk without addition of salt or alkali. The effects of varying pretreatments and dyeing conditions were studied. The dyeing behaviour of CI Reactive Red 15 on modified silk under pH 6 was investigated. Dyeings of modified silk showed good wash fastness, dry and wet rub fastnesses as well as light fastness. The quality of the dyed silks obtained after pretreatment was shown to be satisfactory and the dyeing effluent was less polluted.     

Study of the amination of fatty alcohols catalyzed by Cu−Ni catalysts

Amination of fatty alcohols by hydrogenation and dehydrogenation catalysis is one of the main commercial processes for the production of dimethylalkylamines. The key factor in this process is the preparation of catalysts with high selectivity. A study of amination catalyzed by Cu−Ni catalysts supported on CaCO₃ is reported in this paper. Selectivity of the catalysts was adjustable by varying the ratio of Cu to Ni or by adding a third element (Zn or Mg). The promotion of catalyst selectivity was mainly attributable to the effect of the components on the reducibility of Ni²⁺ in the catalysts. Lower reducibility of Ni²⁻ led to higher catalyst selectivity.     

An alignment-free fingerprint bio-cryptosystem based on modified Voronoi neighbor structures

Bio-cryptography is an emerging security technology which combines cryptography with biometrics. A good bio-cryptosystem is required to protect the privacy of the relevant biometric data as well as achieving high recognition accuracy. Fingerprints have been widely used in bio-cryptosystem design. However, fingerprint uncertainty caused by distortion and rotation during the image capturing process makes it difficult to achieve a high recognition rate in most bio-cryptographic systems. Moreover, most existing bio-cryptosystems rely on the accurate detection of singular points for fingerprint image pre-alignment, which is very hard to achieve, and the image rotation transformation during the alignment process can cause significant singular point deviation and minutiae changes. In this paper, by taking full advantage of local Voronoi neighbor structures (VNSs), e.g. local structural stability and distortion insensitivity, we propose an alignment-free bio-cryptosystem based on fixed-length bit-string representations extracted from modified VNSs, which are rotation- and translation-invariant and distortion robust. The proposed alignment-free bio-cryptosystem is able to provide strong security while achieving good recognition performance. Experimental results in comparison with most existing alignment-free bio-cryptosystems using the publicly-available databases show the validity of the proposed scheme.     

A survey of traffic-based routing metrics in family of expected transmission count for self-organizing networks

Self-Organizing Networks (SONs) are attractive for applications where flexibility, resilience, and a large network service area are required. In order to meet the requirements of those applications, the principal issue is to guarantee efficient routing in SONs. Hence, the design and selection of appropriate routing metrics is important. A mass of metrics have been proposed in the past several decades. Among all the metrics, Expected Transmission Count (ETX) has drawn the most attention. Since the proposal of ETX, many ETX-based or extended metrics have been proposed. ETX and its descendants compose the ETX family. This paper is an attempt to analyze, compare and summarize traffic-based routing metrics in the ETX family. Details of each routing metric are presented and analyzed. Some of our viewpoints on the principal for designing metrics in SONs are presented.     

Seasonal evolution of the interannual variability of chlorophyll-a concentration and its forcing factors in the northwestern Pacific from 1998 to 2010

The northwestern Pacific Ocean is a complex region with significant biological spatial variations on a seasonal timescale. To investigate the joint variation patterns on both seasonal and interannual timescales, a season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (S-EOF) analysis was applied to seasonal mean chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a) anomalies in the northwestern Pacific Ocean during the period 1998–2010. The first two dominant modes accounted for nearly 31% of the total interannual variance, with the second S-EOF mode (S-EOF2) lagging behind the first S-EOF mode (S-EOF1) by one year. S-EOF1 featured a strong variation pattern to the north of 30° N, with maximum chl-a in winter and minimum chl-a in summer. However, S-EOF2 indicated an opposite seasonally evolving pattern compared with S-EOF1, with chl-a increasing along the Kuroshio and extension current from boreal winter to autumn. Both these modes revealed significant relationships with climate-related indices. The two modes corresponded to the central Pacific (CP) La Niña developing episodes and the turnaround from eastern Pacific (EP) La Niña to CP El Niño, respectively. Both modes were associated with the cold phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, which played an important role in prolonging the impact of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation on chl-a seasonal evolution from 1998 to 2010. In addition, we discuss the possible factors dominating chl-a seasonal variation, in terms of the subregions of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean (15° N – 30° N), the chl-a growth was primarily nutrient-limited, whereas in the mid-latitude northwestern Pacific Ocean (35° N – 50° N), the chl-a growth was mainly light-limited.     

合成气中氨含量测定方法的改进

用快速测定仪测定气体中的氨含量，采气量为50ml，可准确测出高含量氨体积百分比含量为80%-100%和低含量氨体积百分比含量为1%-20%的样气，该仪器结构简单，易于制造，测定过程简单，结果准确，一目了然。     

Comments on the characterisation of oxidation catalysts using TPR/TPO

Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and oxidation (TPO) are used extensively in catalyst characterisation. In this paper, we examine the use of TPR/TPO cycles for the characterisation of a range of molybdates and single oxides. In particular we observe that the first cycle differs from that of subsequent analyses, even when the maximum temperature is limited to that used in the catalytic reaction. The effect is independent of heating rates and cooling atmospheres and has been demonstrated using different bed configurations. This observation has significance when these oxides are used in periodic flow reactors that involve many cyclical reduction/oxidation.