Interactions and Solubilization of Disperse Dye with Modified Gemini Surfactants: Investigation Using the Taguchi Method

Since the interaction of a disperse dye with a surfactant in micelles plays an important role in textile industry, the purpose of this study was to find out the optimal conditions that describe the dye?Csurfactant interaction. The effects of temperature, gemini surfactant concentration and ethylene-oxide chain length of gemini surfactants were investigated and optimized using the Taguchi method. First, this method was adopted to carry out the parameter design, and the interaction parameters that would affect the absorbance of UV?Cvisible spectrum were chosen as the control factors. After the selection of an appropriate orthogonal array, an analysis of variance was applied to decide upon the optimal conditions of solubilization parameters and determine the significant factors of the UV?Cvisible absorbance. The optimized conditions were as follow: surfactant concentration 5.6 × 10^?4 M, length of ethylene oxide chain 20, and temperature 40 °C. Finally, the experimental results of confirmation tests with a confidence interval of 95%, indicated that the experiment is reliable and reproducible. Under these optimum conditions, it was also determined that the solubilization of disperse dye using modified gemini surfactants increased when the surfactant concentration and the ethylene oxide chain length increased.     

Fabrication of nano/microfiber scaffolds using a combination of rapid prototyping and electrospinning systems

Tissue‐engineered scaffolds require an adequate three‐dimensional (3‐D) structure for cell growth and attachment. Solid freeform fabrication can provide the interconnected pore to induce the cell ingrowth, and electrospinning technique can make the nanofiber web with high surface for cell attachment. In this study, 3‐D polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated using a rapid prototyping plotting system coupled with an electrospinning apparatus. Scanning electron micrographs showed that these hybrid scaffolds had a regular microfiber structure with interconnected pores and a nanofiber distribution appropriate for cell attachment. Scaffolds were seeded with MG63 cells for in vitro study and implanted in the tibia of rabbit for in vivo study. The resulting structure also facilitated cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation as evidenced by biochemical analyses and confocal microscopy. The hybrid scaffolds also exhibited good biocompatibility and osteoconductivity in animal studies. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

电化学法去除焦化废水中氨的动力学研究

Electrochemical removal of ammonia is a new and effective method in coking wastewater. The reaction mechanism of ammonia removal was proved by stable polarization curve in this paper. First, the supposing of reaction steps of the electrode were proposed. And then reaction parameter of the electrode was measured by Tafel curve. Finally, the reaction mechanism was determined by quasi-equilibrium approach. The results showed that Cl2 H2O HOCl H+ Cl was the rate-determining step, the calculated apparent transfer coefficient was uniform to the experimental value.     

黄原胶/膨润土复合高吸水性树脂的制备与性能研究

采用水溶液聚合法制备了黄原胶(XG)/膨润土有机-无机复合SAP(高吸水性树脂)。通过单因素试验法和正交试验法优选出制备复合SAP的最佳工艺条件。结果表明:丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、XG与膨润土之间发生了接枝共聚反应;当m(AA)∶m(AM)=5∶1、AA中和度为75%、w(膨润土)=5%、w(引发剂)=1.0%和w(交联剂)=0.08%时,相应的复合SAP具有最大的吸水倍率(863.8 g/g)和吸盐水倍率(109.4 g/g)。     

烷基化法生产均三甲苯的工业改造

针对工业烷基化法生产均三甲苯进行研究,重点是通过工艺生产改造,改变水洗釜偏流和废水、废气排放处理问题,实现了均三甲苯装置高效环保生产。     

臭氧/活性炭组合工艺降解甲基红印染废水的试验研究

文章采用臭氧/活性炭组合工艺对甲基红印染废水进行降解试验,考察了甲基红废水的pH、活性炭投加量、温度和臭氧流量等参数对印染废水色度和CODCr去除率的影响,确定了臭氧/活性炭组合工艺降解甲基红印染废水的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,在pH为3.5,温度为25℃,活性炭投加量为120 mg/L,臭氧流量为0.83 L/min,初始浓度为10 mg/L的条件下降解10 min,臭氧/活性炭组合工艺对甲基红废水的脱色率达到97.4%,CODCr去除率达到85.2%。该组合工艺能有效地去除印染废水的色度和CODCr,使出水水质达到处理标准。     

自生热压裂技术研究与应用

自生热压裂技术是针对储层渗透率低、压力系数低、返排率低、压裂措施后压裂液滞留地层中对储层造成伤害等地质特征,利用化学反应产生大量的气体和热量来减缓或解除液体的滞留,从而达到提高返排、减少储层伤害和提高工艺效果的目的。目前,国内在低压、低渗油气藏的改造中应用的自生热措施主要有CO2增能技术、N2增能技术、自生气热剂增能技术等工艺。     

Fenton氧化法去除皮革废水中单宁的试验研究

单宁抗氧化、具有生物毒性是制革废水中典型的难降解有机物,本试验初步研究了Fenton氧化对单宁降解的效果,为皮革废水生物出水深度处理提供依据.通过单因素分析确定了几种影响因子的最佳操作条件为:pH=3,质量分数30％的H2O2投加量为1 mL·L-1,n[Fe2+]:n[H2O2]=1:20,不曝气,温度为35℃,反应时间为60 min.另外调节Fenton反应后出水pH为碱性,通过沉淀对COD的去除有进一步的提高.     

影响飞机炭刹车盘使用寿命的因素研究

采用ChaomaA320炭刹车盘进行了地面台架动力矩试验及装机应用.实测了炭刹车盘的磨损率及使用寿命,并与装机应用的法国Sepcarb(R)ⅢORA320炭刹车盘的平均使用寿命进行了对比.分析了刹车能量、炭盘温度、环境条件及飞行员操作习惯等对炭刹车盘材料磨损率的主要影响,以及钢央/铆钉配件技术、防氧化涂层状态对炭刹车盘使用寿命的制约.结果表明,ChaomaA320炭刹车盘的实际使用寿命可达到2 700～3 000次起落,比法国Sepcarb(R)ⅢORA320炭刹车盘的平均使用寿命2 200次起落,提高了23％～36％;并归纳了ChaomaA320炭刹车盘台架磨损率与装机应用的外场实际磨损率之比为1:1.88～2.09的对应关系.     

辛硫磷微乳剂浊点的影响因素分析

配制了10％辛硫磷微乳剂,研究了体系中复配表面活性剂、助表面活性剂及电解质对微乳剂浊点的影响.结果表明:可用浊点法筛选出HLB值较高的表面活性剂,再结合微乳剂性能指标确定出适合体系的复配表面活性剂.微乳剂的浊点随复配表面活性剂中非离子表面活性剂含量的增多而升高,但制剂冷贮稳定性能下降.助表面活性剂的种类和含量对微乳剂浊...