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11.
Ying Ding Chunqing Wang Yanhong Tian Binbin Zhang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(12):1017-1025
in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tensile tests on as-cast and aged 63Sn37Pb solder alloys were conducted, and the fracture
behavior in nanometer scale ahead of the crack tip was inspected and discussed. Results show that the fracture was completed
by connecting the discontinuous cracks or voids. Dislocation behavior was concentrated along the grain boundaries for as-cast
samples, and displayed mainly as dislocation climb. The crack was intergranular dominated under the lower strain rate. While
remarkable mutual dislocation emission was detected in the aged solder. Transgranular cracks were dominant in the fractured
area, and they propagated by linking up with the nanometer scale cracks ahead of the crack tips under the effective promotion
of the inverse dislocation emission. At the same time, the partial interphase or intergranular cracks in the thinned area
were also found. Under this condition, a new critical stress intensity factor K
c
′ to define the mutual dislocation emission was proposed. 相似文献
12.
Enhancing echo cancellation via estimation of delay 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Youhong Lu Fowler R. Tian W. Thompson L. 《Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on》2005,53(11):4159-4168
The advent of packetized audio transmission, such as voice over IP (VoIP), has resulted in challenging requirements for echo cancellation technology. One key aspect of this technology is the need to characterize, quickly and accurately, the echo paths in the transmission media. Echo paths consist of a constant time delay with no echo signal and active regions in which the echo signal is present. When an adaptive filter echo cancellation algorithm is used, its performance can be greatly increased, and its complexity can be reduced if it is only applied to the active regions. This requires an algorithm to estimate the constant delay and locate the active regions. Traditionally, delay estimation has been based on direct application of cross-correlation. This method has poor performance because the input signals are highly correlated and has a high implementation cost because many cross-correlation lags have to be computed for longer time delays. The delay estimation addressed in this paper has two major advantages over the traditional methods. The first is that it has improved performance because the input signals are processed to have less correlation. The second is that the implementation cost is significantly reduced because fewer cross-correlation lags are computed, and an efficient method to estimate lags is created. 相似文献
13.
介绍了热电联产成本的两种计算方法,指出了两种计算方法的局限性.对热电联产节能效果进行了量化分析,在按热量法对供热比计算的基础上,提出了修正热量法.此方法体现了热电联产的优越性,为发电企业增加了经济效益. 相似文献
14.
Tian Xiao Qing Huo Liu 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》2008,56(3):765-773
In this paper, we present an enlarged cell technique (ECT) to avoid the time step reduction encountered in the conformal finite-difference time-domain (CFDTD) method due to small irregular cells truncated by metallic boundaries. We focus our efforts on the discussion of the accuracy and stability of the ECT and its comparison with other conformal methods, especially the one called the uniformly stable conformal (USC) method. We also provide a simplified ECT, which is much easier to implement. In the ECT, a stability criterion is first constructed to identify instable irregular cells, i.e., those having so small an area to cause instability. Those instable cells are then enlarged into their adjacent cells to obtain a large, stable area. Careful treatment is performed on the communication between the intruding and intruded cells in terms of electromotive force by keeping the total electromotive force conservative. This technique is verified by several 3-D numerical experiments. Results show that the ECT is second-order accurate and numerically stable at the regular Courant time step limit. 相似文献
15.
MIP-CGP工艺专用催化剂CGP-1的开发与应用 总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8
阐述了生产汽油组分满足欧Ⅲ排放标准并多产丙烯的催化裂化工艺(简称MIP-CGP)专用催化剂(简称CGP-1)的研究开发与工业应用结果。CGP-1催化剂的基质具有良好的容炭性能,使活性组元受到良好保护,其优势作用在第二反应区得以充分发挥,具有更高的氢转移活性和强的汽油小分子烯烃裂化活性。中国石化九江分公司和镇海炼化公司的MIP-CGP工业试验标定结果表明,与常规FCC相比,采用CGP-1催化剂的MIP-CGP技术在生产烯烃体积分数小于18%的汽油组分的同时,丙烯产率达到8%以上。此外,汽油诱导期大幅提高,抗爆指数增加;总液体收率有所提高,干气产率下降,焦炭选择性良好。 相似文献
16.
镍氢电池负极用低成本储氢合金的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了ABS型储氢合金在低Co含量条件下,随B组元替代元素Co,Al,Si等含量的变化对合金电化学性能的影响规律,同时研究了A组元中不同La/Ce比对合金电化学性能的影响情况。结果表明,随合金中Co含量的降低,合金的活化性能和放电容量得以改善,但合金的循环寿命下降也比较明显;在试验范围内,随Al元素的加入,合金的循环寿命得以改善,但材料的放电容量和活化性能均有所下降;随合金La/Ce比的降低,合金的放电容量略有下降,但其循环寿命和放电电压平台有较大提高。 相似文献
17.
Bingyong Yan Zuohua Tian Songjiao Shi 《International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems》2008,30(5):343-360
In this paper, we propose a novel distributed robust fault detection and identification (RFDI) scheme for a class of nonlinear systems. Firstly, a detection and identification estimator—robust fault tracking approximator (RFTA) is designed for online health monitoring. A novel feature of the RFTA is that it can simultaneously detect and accurately identify the shape and magnitude of the fault and disturbance. Moreover, it takes less online training time compared with the traditional neural network based fault diagnosis schemes. For some distributed systems, a network of distributed estimators is constructed where the RFTA is embedded into each estimator. Then we use consensus filter to filter the outputs of each estimator. One of the most important merits of the consensus filter is that its outputs can dramatically improve the accuracy of fault detection and identification. Next, the stability of the distributed RFDI scheme is rigorously investigated. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach. 相似文献
18.
19.
We have fabricated and tested a high-Tc dc-SQUID magnetometer patterned on a YBCO thin film deposited on a SrTiO3 bicrystal substrate. The measurement of noise spectrum at 77 K showed that the magnetometer has a white noise of 333 fT/Hz1/2 without superconducting shield, corresponding to a flux sensitivity of 14.5 μΦ0/Hz1/2. We constructed a test system for eddy current non-destructive evaluation of conducting aluminum plates by using the magnetometer. Flaws over 10 mm below the surface can be clearly identified. By mapping the magnetic field distribution, we can locate the flaw position. The signals caused by flaw were expanded due to the use of double-D type driving coil with a wider central slit. The experimental results confirmed that this test system could operate in a magnetic unshielded environment. 相似文献
20.
O—O数据模型中实体联系的表达方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
李天柱 《计算机研究与发展》1997,34(4):275-280
具有对实体和实体间联系的描述能力,是数据库的基本,吼是对数据库进逻辑设计的基本出发点。O-O数据模型不具备显式描术这实体联系的手段。且优于关系模型。 相似文献