Fine-Tuning Alkyl Chains on Quinoxaline Nonfullerene Acceptors Enables High-Efficiency Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Optimizing Molecular Stacking and Reducing Energy Loss

Material design of guest acceptor is always a big challenge for improving the efficiency of ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a pair of isomeric nonfullerene acceptors based on quinoxaline core, Qx–p-C₇H₈O and Qx–m-C₇H₈O, is designed and synthesized. By moving the alkoxy chain attached on side phenyl from meta-position to para-position, both π–π stacking distance and crystallinity are enhanced simultaneously. They obtain the uplifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level. Compared to Qx–m-C₇H₈O, Qx–p-C₇H₈O exhibits wider absorption spectrum and higher extinction coefficient. Using D18-Cl:N3 as host materials, the addition of guest acceptor Qx–p-C₇H₈O significantly improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 17.61% to 18.49% because of higher open-circuit voltage (0.875 V) and short-circuit current density (27.85 mA cm⁻²). This can be attributed to the faster exciton dissociation, more balanced carrier mobility, fine fiber morphology, and lower energy loss in the ternary devices. However, Qx–m-C₇H₈O-based ternary device achieves relatively low PCE of 17.17% because this device shows extremely low electron mobility. The results indicate that molecular stacking, film morphology, etc., can be effectively modulated by fine-tuning the side chains of guest materials, which may be an effective design rule for further improving the PCE of OSCs.     

Review of Broadband Metamaterial Absorbers: From Principles,Design Strategies,and Tunable Properties to Functional Applications

Metamaterial absorbers have been widely studied and continuously concerned owing to their excellent resonance features of ultra-thin thickness, light-weight, and high absorbance. Their applications, however, are typically restricted by the intrinsic dispersion of materials and strong resonant features of patterned arrays (mainly referring to narrow absorption bandwidth). It is, therefore essential to reassert the principles of building broadband metamaterial absorbers (BMAs). Herein, the research progress of BMAs from principles, design strategies, tunable properties to functional applications are comprehensively and deeply summarized. Physical principles behind broadband absorption are briefly discussed, typical design strategies in realizing broadband absorption are further emphasized, such as top-down lithography, bottom-up self-assembly, and emerging 3D printing technology. Diversified active components choices, including optical response, temperature response, electrical response, magnetic response, mechanical response, and multi-parameter responses, are reviewed in achieving dynamically tuned broadband absorption. Following this, the achievements of various interdisciplinary applications for BMAs in energy-harvesting, photodetectors, radar-IR dual stealth, bolometers, noise absorbing, imaging, and fabric wearable are summarized. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for future development of BMAs are discussed.     

Solid Solvation Assisted Electrical Doping Conserves High-Performance in 500 nm Active Layer Organic Solar Cells

Organic solar cells (OSCs) process fascinating solution-printing capability to achieve low-cost and large-scale manufacture. However, the rapid power conversion efficiency (PCE) decay with active layer thickness enlargement inhibits the implement of OSCs’ potential advantages. To overcome the bottlenecks of PCE decay in thick active layer OSCs, the electrical doping with componential selectivity in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film is achieved by introducing a solid solvation additive. Benefiting from the higher exciton splitting efficiency together with the longer drift (L_dr) and diffusion (L_diff) lengths, an OSC with 100 nm BHJ film demonstrates a PCE increment from 16.44% to 18.24% with prolonged dark and illuminated storage stabilities. Applying the solid solvation assisted (SSA) doping method in the OSCs with 500 nm active layer, the PCE significantly increases by 31.9%, from the original value of 11.79% to 15.55%. It further improves to 15.84% in a ternary blend thick-film device, which is the record value to the best of our knowledge. Besides, the SSA doping narrows the PCE gap between the 0.04 and 1 cm² devices. All improvements demonstrate the great potential of SSA doping for OSC commercial manufacture, since it optimizes the photovoltaic performance under all practical conditions of long-term, thick-film, and large-area.     

激光通信测距技术发展现状及趋势研究

综述了国内外激光通信技术和激光测距技术的发展现状,指出由于空间条件等的限制,激光通信和测距的复合需求不断增加,激光通信测距一体化技术将成为未来发展趋势.在此基础上,深入分析了国外激光通信测距一体化技术研究进展,最后对激光通信测距技术的前景进行了介绍.     

Up-tapered fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer fabricated by using a fusion splicer

An up-tapered Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI) is proposed and demonstrated.By applying a modification setting of an existing program of the fusion splicer,two up-tapers are fabricated by pushing both sides of the fiber to the middle.It is found that the maximum extinction ratio reaches up to 20 dB.With the fiber length of 6.3-49 cm between the two up-tapers,the free spectral range(FSR) changes from 10.7 nm to 1.3 nm.Besides,the wavelength of maximum extinction ratio shifts to the shorter wavelength in the scope of tens of nanometers,while the elongation changes from 0% to 0.23%.     

窗函数失配对数字接收机脉冲检测影响

电子战数字接收机侦收脉冲信号时,由于窗函数失配而无法达到理论上测算出的检测性能。针对此,分析了脉冲检测时窗函数宽度和形状失配对数字接收机灵敏度的影响,给出了灵敏度边界条件;同时,也提出了一些建议,为最佳数字接收机设计提供了依据。     

一种单材料双功函数栅MOSFET解析模型

An analytical surface potential model for the single material double work function gate(SMDWG) MOSFET is developed based on the exact resultant solution of the two-dimensional Poisson equation. The model includes the effects of drain biases, gate oxide thickness, different combinations of S-gate and D-gate length and values of substrate doping concentration. More attention has been paid to seeking to explain the attributes of the SMDWG MOSFET, such as suppressing drain-induced barrier lowering(DIBL), accelerating carrier drift velocity and device speed. The model is verified by comparison to the simulated results using the device simulator MEDICI. The accuracy of the results obtained using our analytical model is verified using numerical simulations. The model not only offers the physical insight into device physics but also provides the basic designing guideline for the device.     

非对称路由环境下SYN flood攻击防御方法

针对现有网络安全设施无法有效防御非对称路由环境下流量规模较大的SYN flood攻击的问题,对SYN flood攻击检测技术和TCP连接管理策略进行研究,提出了一种轻量级攻击检测和混合连接管理策略相结合的防御方法,利用SYN分组比例和目的地址熵进行攻击检测,并根据检测结果对基于SYN的连接管理策略和基于数据的连接管理策略进行灵活切换。实验证明该防御方法能有效地减轻SYN flood攻击对网络安全设施的影响。     

电路实验在线预习测试系统的设计

本文依据我校电路实验的实际需求,介绍了一种在线预习测试系统的体系结构和数据库的设计,并对系统主要功能模块的实现方法及使用效果进行了重点介绍.使用本系统可以提高学生的学习效率,减轻教师的工作量,进一步深化实验课程的改革成果.     

蒸发波导条件下雷达天线仰角和高度对探测距离的影响

为了研究蒸发波导条件下雷达天线高度和仰角对探测距离的影响,利用基于蒸发波导的雷达探测距离预测方法,仿真计算了不同大气层结条件下,天线仰角和高度分别取不同值时的雷达探测距离。仿真结果表明天线仰角和高度对雷达探测距离影响很大。相同条件下仰角为0°时探测距离最大,雷达探测距离不是单调地随天线高度的增加而增加或减小,存在一个最佳天线高度,能大大增加雷达探测距离。