Carbon Metabolism of a Soilborne Mn(II)-Oxidizing Escherichia coli Isolate Implicated as a Pronounced Modulator of Bacterial Mn Oxidation

Mn(II)-oxidizing microorganisms are generally considered the primary driving forces in the biological formation of Mn oxides. However, the mechanistic elucidation of the actuation and regulation of Mn oxidation in soilborne bacteria remains elusive. Here, we performed joint multiple gene-knockout analyses and comparative morphological and physiological determinations to characterize the influence of carbon metabolism on the Mn oxide deposit amount (MnODA) and the Mn oxide formation of a soilborne bacterium, Escherichia coli MB266. Different carbon source substances exhibited significantly varied effects on the MnODA of MB266. A total of 16 carbon metabolism-related genes with significant variant expression levels under Mn supplementation conditions were knocked out in the MB266 genome accordingly, but only little effect on the MnODA of each mutant strain was accounted for. However, a simultaneous four-gene-knockout mutant (namely, MB801) showed an overall remarkable MnODA reduction and an initially delayed Mn oxide formation compared with the wild-type MB266. The assays using scanning/transmission electron microscopy verified that MB801 exhibited not only a delayed Mn-oxide aggregate processing, but also relatively smaller microspherical agglomerations, and presented flocculent deposit Mn oxides compared with normal fibrous and crystalline Mn oxides formed by MB266. Moreover, the Mn oxide aggregate formation was highly related to the intracellular ROS level. Thus, this study demonstrates that carbon metabolism acts as a pronounced modulator of MnODA in MB266, which will provide new insights into the occurrence of Mn oxidation and Mn oxide formation by soilborne bacteria in habitats where Mn(II) naturally occurs.     

Customized Utilization Strategies of Industrial Lignin to Produce Adsorbents and Flocculants Based on Fractionation and Adequate Structural Interpretation

Lignin, a by-product of pulping and biorefinery, has great potential to replace petrochemical resources for wastewater purification. However, the defects of lignin, such as severe heterogeneity, inferior reactivity and poor solubility, characterize the production process of lignin-based products by high energy consumption and serious pollution. In this study, several lignin fractions with relatively homogeneous structure were first obtained by organic solvent fractionation, and their structures were fully deciphered by various characterization techniques. Subsequently, each lignin component was custom-valued for wastewater purification based on their structural characteristics. Benefiting from the high reactivity and reaction accessibility, the lignin fraction (lignin-1) refined by dissolving in ethanol and n-butanol could been used as a raw material to produce cationic lignin-based flocculant (LBF) in a copolymerization system using green, cheap and recyclable ethanol as solvent. The lignin fraction (lignin-2) extracted by methanol and dioxane showed low reactivity and high carbon content, which was used to produce lignin-based activated carbon (LAC) with phosphoric acid as activator. Moreover, the influences of synthetic factors on the purification capacity were discussed, and the LBF and LAC produced under the optimal conditions showed distinguished purification effect on kaolin suspension and heavy metal wastewater, respectively. Furthermore, the corresponding purification mechanism and external factors were also elaborated. It is believed that this cleaner production strategy is helpful for the valorization of lignin in wastewater resources.     

应用于超薄栅氧化CMOS器件的两种电荷泵改进技术的比较

本文提出了High-low multi-frequency(HLMF)和Average bottom-top-pulse(ABTP)两种电荷泵改进技术,用于提高表征超薄栅氧化CMOS器件界面缺陷的精度.结果表明,在电荷泵技术测量过程中,这两种改进技术能非常有效地扣除漏电流.同时,也分析了电荷泵电流曲线的几个典型特性.由于ABTP技术是用静态模式测量漏电流,所以,在大的负Vbase端,电荷泵电流曲线的尾部出现大的波动.通过比较,我们发现HLMF具有更高的精度,可以作为用于提升表征超薄栅氧化CMOS器件界面缺陷精度的一种重要技术.     

Genome-Wide Identification of TaSAUR Gene Family Members in Hexaploid Wheat and Functional Characterization of TaSAUR66-5B in Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Excessive input of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes a great waste of resources but brings about a series of ecological and environmental problems. Although Small Auxin Up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) participate in diverse biological processes, the function of SAURs in the nitrogen starvation response has not been well-studied. Here, we identified 308 TaSAURs in wheat and divided them into 10 subfamilies. The promoter regions of most TaSAURs contain hormone responsive elements, and their expression levels change under the treatment of different hormones, such as IAA, MeJA, and ABA. Interestingly, overexpression of one of the TaSAUR family members, a nitrogen starvation responsive gene, TaSAUR66-5B, can promote the growth of Arabidopsis and wheat roots. In addition, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in Arabidopsis up-regulates the expression levels of auxin biosynthesis related genes, suggesting that overexpression TaSAUR66-5B may promote root growth by increasing the biosynthesis of auxin. Furthermore, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in wheat can increase the biomass and grain yields of transgenic plants, as well as the nitrogen concentration and accumulation of both shoots and grains, especially under low nitrogen conditions. This study provides important genomic information of the TaSAUR gene family and lays a foundation for elucidating the functions of TaSAURs in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in wheat.     

Untraceable Analysis of Scalable RFID Security Protocols

Wireless Personal Communications - In order to support robust implementation of IoT, many schemes have been done to provide privacy, anonymity, scalability and customizability. Ray et al.’s...     

特柔软型钢丝铠装复合电缆设计探讨

本文主要探讨特柔软型钢丝铠装复合电缆的设计,根据特殊用户实际应用情况,设计出大拉力、超柔软钢丝铠装电缆,设计过程中不仅考虑电缆所应有的电性能,同时还要考虑电缆高强度抗张情况和应用中处于反复收放状态,而且所设计的电缆还要满足恶劣环境.     

城市地下管网管理系统数据分析

地下管线是城市基础设施的重要组成部分,是城市规划建设管理的重要基础信息。随着城市规模的扩大和现代化程度的不断提高,地下管线也越来越庞大、密集,其种类也越来越复杂,建立城市地下管网信息管理系统,实现地下管线信息的数字化管理工作,也是智慧城市建设的重要一环。文章从数据分类、地形数据来源与分析、地形数据分层、地形数据要求、管线数据要求等方面对地下管网管理系统涉及的数据进行了详细分析。     

SiN钝化前的NF3等离子体处理对AlGaN/GaN HEMT性能的影响

研究了SiN钝化前利用感应耦合等离子体(ICP)对AlGaN/GaN HEMT表面进行NF3等离子体处理对器件性能的影响.结果表明,运用低能量的NF3等离子体处理钝化前的AlGaN/GaN HEMT表面能有效抑制器件电流崩塌,而器件直流及微波小信号特性则未受影响.微波功率测试表明,经过6min NF3等离子体处理的AIGaN/GaN HEMT在2GHz,30V工作电压下达到6.15W/mm的输出功率密度,而未经过处理的器件只达到1.82W/mm的输出功率密度.     

基于可穿戴传感器数据的人体行为识别数据特征提取方法

随着可穿戴设备的发展与普及,基于可穿戴传感数据进行人体行为检测展现了巨大的研究价值.目前大多人类行为识别工作都是基于视频图像展开的,然而,使用计算机视觉技术进行人类行为识别存在2个挑战:一是很难使参与数据采集的人员在自然状态下采集真实状态下的运动数据,在开展数据采集之前往往需要对参与数据采集的人员进行培训并严格规范其采...     

不同围压下共面双裂隙脆性砂岩裂纹演化特性颗粒流模拟研究

岩体中含有大量节理、裂隙、断层等各类结构面,结构面在应力作用下的扩展与贯通是导致岩体破坏的重要原因。数值流形方法(NMM)可以有效模拟连续和非连续问题,然而,其在多裂纹动态扩展的模拟方面仍处于探索阶段。该文以线弹性断裂力学原理为基础,提出了一种基于高阶数值流形方法的多裂纹扩展模拟算法。通过在基函数中增加关键项来考虑裂纹尖端位移场的奇异性;裂纹尖端的应力强度因子则采用了J积分来计算;Ⅰ型-Ⅱ型混合裂纹的开裂和扩展方向依据最大周向拉应力准则来判断;采用假设-修正的多裂纹扩展算法解决了多裂纹的扩展问题。根据强化后的基函数,对于不符合单纯形积分形式的被积函数,采用了泰勒级数展开式计算近似解。通过多个静态裂纹扩展的经典问题的数值模拟对计算方法的合理性和计算精度及进行了验证。