转Bt基因水稻的食用安全性评价研究进展

水稻（Oryza sativa）是我国重要的经济作物,其优化育种一直是研究的重点。苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillusthuringiensis,Bt）抗虫基因的出现,开辟了利用外源基因培育转基因抗虫作物的新领域。目前,转基因抗虫水稻的培育技术已日趋成熟,而其对人体的潜在安全性问题却备受争议。转Bt基因水稻能否实现商业化是人们关注的焦点。本文就转Bt基因水稻的食用安全性评价的研究进展进行综述,以期为我国转Bt基因水稻的风险评估和推广提供一些参考。     

微生物转化法制备人参皂苷Compound K 的研究进展

稀有人参皂苷Compound K(CK)是二醇型非天然人参皂苷,是其他二醇型人参皂苷在人体肠道内的降解产物。因其在抗肿瘤等方面有特效,需大量制备以满足医疗和科研需要,因此,有效获得稀有人参皂苷CK已开展了大量研究。本文就人参皂苷CK的微生物转化及制备进行系统的综述,旨在为其进一步开发利用提供参考。     

磷酸化与钙交联处理对刺参胶原聚集体凝胶特性的影响

磷酸化与钙交联是影响刺参胶原聚集体凝胶特性的最重要因素之一。本文通过质构剖面(TPA)实验、应力松弛实验、低场核磁、VG染色等,研究了磷酸化与钙交联凝胶的质构学特征、水分迁移规律、化学键型变化以及胶原纤维特征的改变。结果表明:用2%三聚磷酸钠进行磷酸化对刺参胶原聚集体的凝胶特性有一定的破坏,其黏性、咀嚼性、η1、E1与空白组相比发生明显降低,其结合水含量降低,自由水含量升高,水分活度Aw明显升高;而在磷酸化基础上进行1%Ca Cl2交联则会对刺参胶原聚集体凝胶特性产生明显影响,其硬度及粘性比磷酸化刺参高,水分活度降低,提高了胶原聚集体与水分的结合程度,增强了凝胶性,使得胶原纤维结构更加稳定。与高温高压处理相比较,磷酸化与钙交联处理能够增强刺参胶原聚集体的凝胶特性,为刺参的加工及改性工艺提供了新途径。     

泰山蛹虫草多糖对免疫抑制小鼠血清蛋白含量和体内抗氧化能力的影响

目的:研究泰山蛹虫草多糖(Cordyceps taishanensis polysaccharide,CTP)对免疫抑制小鼠血清蛋白含量和抗氧化能力的影响。方法:通过对小鼠灌服多糖实验,观察CTP对小鼠血清总蛋白、白蛋白及球蛋白含量和抗氧化能力的影响。结果:与环磷酰胺(Cyclophosphamide,CY)模型组比较,三个CTP组的血清总蛋白、球蛋白和白蛋白含量均极显著增高(p<0.01);三个CTP组的红细胞SOD活性和血清CAT活性均显著提高(p<0.01或p<0.05),红细胞MDA含量均极显著减少(p<0.01)。结论:CTP能显著提高CY所致的免疫损伤小鼠的血清蛋白含量,在一定程度上CTP能减轻CY对小鼠肝脏的损害作用;CTP也能改善CY所致免疫损伤小鼠的抗氧化能力。      

Ag的添加量对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料性能的影响

研究Ag的添加量对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料性能的影响规律。结果表明,Ag不仅对Sn-9Zn无铅钎料的润湿性能和显微组织有明显作用,而且对钎料接头的力学性能也有较大的影响。添加0.3%Ag (质量分数, 下同)后,钎料的抗氧化性能得到提高,因此钎料的润湿性能得到改善。Sn-9Zn-0.3Ag具有比Sn-9Zn钎料更均匀的组织。研究结果还表明,添加0.3%Ag后,钎料接头的力学性能最佳,接头断口显示有大量的细小均匀的韧窝组织。当Ag的添加量添加到1%时,在韧窝底部出现Cu-Zn、Ag-Zn金属间化合物,此时,接头力学性能下降     

Identification of Autophagy in the Pine Wood Nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and the Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of Two Novel Autophagy-Related Genes,BxATG1 and BxATG8

The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes huge economic losses in pine forests, has a complex life cycle, and shows the remarkable ability to survive under unfavorable and changing environmental conditions. This ability may be related to autophagy, which is still poorly understood in B. xylophilus and no autophagy-related genes have been previously characterized. In this study, transmission electron microscopy was used to confirm that autophagy exists in B. xylophilus. The full-length cDNAs of BxATG1 and BxATG8 were first cloned from B. xylophilus, and BxATG1 and BxATG8 were characterized using bioinformatics methods. The expression pattern of the autophagy marker BxATG8 was investigated using in situ hybridization (ISH). BxATG8 was expressed in esophageal gland and hypodermal seam cells. We tested the effects of RNA interference (RNAi) on BxATG1 and BxATG8. The results revealed that BxATG1 and BxATG8 were likely associated with propagation of nematodes on fungal mats. This study confirmed the molecular characterization and functions of BxATG1 and BxATG8 in B. xylophilus and provided fundamental information between autophagy and B. xylophilus.     

Prediction of rock burst in underground caverns based on rough set and extensible comprehensive evaluation

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - In high terrestrial stress regions, rock burst is a major geological disaster influencing underground engineering construction significantly....