单一pH法、pH示差法和差减法央速测定干红葡萄酒中总花色苷含量的比较

为了寻求快速、经济地测定干红葡萄酒中总花色苷含量的方法,采用单－pH法、pH示差法和差减法对比分析3种方法测定数据的差异性。结果表明,3种方法测定的吸光度与浓度间均具有良好的线性关系,其相关系数R分别为0．9977、0．9988和0．9984,测定结果没有显著性差异（p〈0．05）。3种方法均能用于干红葡萄酒总花色苷含量的快速测定．     

重组酿酒酵母全细胞催化合成莱鲍迪苷A

用经密码子优化后合成的甜叶菊UDP糖基转移酶UGT76G1编码基因构建了表达该酶的重组酿酒酵母YPH499(pYES2-UGT)。建立了通过柠檬酸钠调节酿酒酵母细胞内由葡萄糖到尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖(UDPG)的代谢通量,用于催化甜菊苷合成莱鲍迪苷A的全细胞催化方法。优化后的催化体系为:甜菊苷1 g/L,葡萄糖20g/L,普郎尼克F68 10 g/L,MgCl2 6 g/L,柠檬酸钠15 g/L,pH 7.2,细胞密度200 g湿细胞/L反应液,在37℃下经72 h后转化生成莱鲍迪苷A 267.89 mg/L。     

环锭细纱机上开发紧密赛络纺色纺纱的试验分析

介绍了紧密纺、紧密赛络纺纺纱技术原理在色纺纱方面的应用;分析了紧密纺、紧密赛络纺技术的优点,并将其与普通色纺进行对比。表明采用紧密纺、紧密赛络纺技术生产的纱线质量好、强力高、毛羽少、条干均匀;优选纺纱器材,对充分发挥紧密赛络纺在色纺纱领域的优势至关重要。     

Accumulating mechanism of γ‐aminobutyric acid in soybean (Glycine max L.) during germination

γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been found accumulating significantly in soybean seeds during germination. However, the mechanism of the accumulating process is not clear. Therefore, gene expression, enzyme activity and metabolites associated with GABA shunt in ZH 13 soybean during germination were analysed in this paper. GABA content in 5‐day germinated soybean was 0.26 ± 0.016 mg g^?1 DW, which was equivalent to six times concentration of original soybean. The GAD activity has a positive effect on the accumulation of GABA, as well as the GABA‐T activity was found to play a significant role in the degradation of GABA. The expression levels of GmGAD and GmGABA‐T may affect the GABA content by regulating the respective enzyme activities. In conclusion, upregulation of GAD and downregulation of GABA‐T may cause the accumulation of GABA.     

Hydrodistillation condition adjustment for different material particle sizes: a method to increase batch‐to‐batch quality consistency

Varying material particle sizes represent a common contributing factor to the batch‐to‐batch variation of extraction yields. To increase the batch‐to‐batch quality consistency of extracts, a method was proposed to adjust the extraction conditions for different material particle sizes, taking the hydrodistillation extraction process of Radix Curcumae and Fructus Gardeniae as a case study. Statistical models were built for five sesquiterpenes including curcumenone, curcumenol, curdione, curzerenone and furanodienone, to quantitatively describe the effects of particle size and process parameters on their extraction yields. An increase in sodium chloride concentration remarkably increased the yields of curcumenone and curcumenol, and a larger solvent‐to‐solid ratio increased the yields of five sesquiterpenes. Under the adjusted process parameters for two different particle sizes, the yield for each compound was controlled to fall in the 90–110% target range. The proposed method can be applied to various extraction processes of foods and herbal medicines.     

Effect of high‐pressure processing on immunoreactivity,microbial and physicochemical properties of hazelnut milk

This study investigated the effects of high‐pressure processing (HPP) and thermal processing (TP) on the overall quality attributes of hazelnut milk. HPP achieved the same microbial safety as TP, and the pH, °Brix and sugar contents were maintained at the levels of fresh hazelnut milk. Although HPP caused colour changes, the ?E was smaller than that of the TP sample. Increasing pressure significantly decreased the immunoreactivity of the hazelnut milk by 70%, while simultaneously reducing the levels of essential and non‐essential amino acids and chemical score (CS) and the essential amino acid index (EAAI) values. However, neither HPP nor TP significantly affected the fatty acid composition of hazelnut milk. HPP retained higher total phenolic and flavonoid levels of the hazelnut milk, with a better antioxidant capacity than TP samples. Thus, the HPP maintained microbial safety during cold storage, and physicochemical properties of the treated hazelnut milk were not significantly different from those of the fresh hazelnut milk.     

Nonvolatile taste components,nutritional values,bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of three wild Chanterelle mushrooms

The chemical compositions, nonvolatile taste components and nutritional compounds of three wild edible Chanterelle mushrooms (C. cibarius Fr (CcF), C. cinnabarinus schwein (CcS) and C. tubaeformis Fr (CtF)) were evaluated. Results showed Chanterelle mushrooms were good sources of proteins and carbohydrates with low energy. CcS was rich in trehalose in free sugars and glucose in soluble sugars. Monosodium glutamate‐like free amino acids and flavour 5′‐nucleotides indicated Chanterelle mushrooms had good taste. Based on their amino acids compositions and nutrition evaluations, CcF, CcS and CtF were significant sources of amino acids and protein. CtF showed better protein quality than CcF and CcS. Stearic and oleic acids showed high contents in three mushrooms, and higher unsaturated fatty acids were found in CcF. Three mushrooms had high contents of K, Ca and Mg, and low content of Na. Organic acid and phenolic acids of three mushrooms were identified, and antioxidant activities were evaluated.     

Volatiles,polysaccharides and total polyphenols in Chinese rose tea infusions and their antioxidant activities

Rose tea is a kind of popular beverage in many Asian countries. In this study, the contents of volatiles, polysaccharides and total polyphenols in three species of Chinese rose tea infusions [Kuishui Rose (KSR), Pinying Rose (PYR) and Jinbian Rose (JBR)] were determined, respectively. Meantime, the volatiles from those three tea infusions were analyzed by GC‐MS, and their antioxidant activities were tested by 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. As results, 17, 15, and 20 components were identified in their volatiles, respectively. The contents of volatiles, polysaccharides and total polyphenols, and the antioxidant activity of PYR tea infusion were higher than those of other two tea infusions. To elucidate the contributions of those main constituents in rose tea for its activity, correlation coefficients between them were analyzed, displaying that the polysaccharides and polyphenols are the main antioxidants in rose tea infusion, whose correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9.

Practical applications

As a kind of beverage with health care function, the activities and active ingredients of rose tea have mainly focused on polyphenols and their antioxidant so far. The current studies on the contents of volatiles, polysaccharides and total polyphenols and the antioxidant activities of rose tea infusions from three species in China could provide an useful comparison of the difference of antioxidant activities and constituents in those three rose teas and a basic data for quality control of rose tea.     

Rapid In Situ SERS Analysis of Pesticide Residues on Plant Surfaces Based on Micelle Extraction of Targets and Stabilization of Ag Nanoparticle Aggregates

A structure of polyurethane micelle/Ag nanoparticle (Ag NP) cluster was fabricated as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for in situ extracting organic compounds on the surface of different matrixes, in which polyurethane micelles acted as the host material to capture target molecules and stabilize nanoparticle cluster. This method provided stable aqueous suspensions of Ag NP cluster due to the amphiphilic properties of polyurethane. We demonstrated SERS-based in situ detection of pesticides on vegetables and fruit skin, by simply dropping polyurethane micelle/Ag NPs substrate on the sample surface where the target molecules could be detected without a previous elution and extracting. The obtained results showed that this polyurethane micelle/Ag NP cluster substrate had excellent SERS performance for pesticide molecules with ideal stability and reproducibility. With further optimization, the limit of detection of 0.03 μg/mL acetamiprid, 0.08 μg/mL phosmet, and 0.002 μg/mL thiabendazole was obtained, respectively.     

改性棉织物的一浴无盐染色和抗紫外性能的研究

采用改性剂PECH—amine对棉织物进行阳离子改性．然后用活性荧光黄FL和反应型紫外线吸收剂LIQ对棉织物进行一浴无盐染色和抗紫外线整理。探讨了改性剂和氢氧化钠用量、改性温度和时间对棉织物改性后染色和抗紫外线性能的影响,测试了改性整理织物的K／S值、UPF指数、紫外线透过率、耐洗性能和染色牢度。结果表明：采用1％（omf）的活性荧光黄FL和3％（omf）的LIQ,棉织物改性一浴无盐荧光染色和抗紫外线整理的优化工艺为改性剂PECH—amine 10g／L,氢氧化钠10g/L,改性温度90℃,保温时间60min。改性后棉织物染色和抗紫外一浴无盐整理的UPF指数可达到55左右,经过30次标准水洗之后,其UPF指数仍保持在50以上,耐洗和耐摩擦色牢度达到4级以上。