Microfluidic-based biosensors toward point-of-care detection of nucleic acids and proteins

This article reviews state-of-the-art microfluidic biosensors of nucleic acids and proteins for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. Microfluidics is capable of analyzing small sample volumes (10⁻⁹–10⁻¹⁸ l) and minimizing costly reagent consumption as well as automating sample preparation and reducing processing time. The merger of microfluidics and advanced biosensor technologies offers new promises for POC diagnostics, including high-throughput analysis, portability and disposability. However, this merger also imposes technological challenges on biosensors, such as high sensitivity and selectivity requirements with sample volumes orders of magnitude smaller than those of conventional practices, false response errors due to non-specific adsorption, and integrability with other necessary modules. There have been many prior review articles on microfluidic-based biosensors, and this review focuses on the recent progress in last 5 years. Herein, we review general technologies of DNA and protein biosensors. Then, recent advances on the coupling of the biosensors to microfluidics are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the key challenges and potential solutions for transforming microfluidic biosensors into POC diagnostic applications.     

Dynamic mix zone: location data sanitizing in assisted environments

Pervasive technology has been widely used in assistive environments and aware homes. The issue of how to preserve the privacy of patients being monitored has been attracting more public concerns. In assistive environments, location data of patients are collected through sensors for behavior patterns analysis, and they can also be shared among researchers for further research for early disease diagnosis. However, location information, even though de-identified, also introduces the risk of privacy leakage. A series of consecutive location samples can be considered as a trajectory of a single person, and this may leak private information if obtained by malicious users. This paper discusses this problem and proposes a location randomization algorithm to protect users’ location privacy. Two privacy metrics according to location privacy are defined and used to evaluate the proposed approach. A method using dynamic mix zones is proposed to confound trajectories of two or more persons.     

Ensemble of surrogates with recursive arithmetic average

Surrogate models are often used to replace expensive simulations of engineering problems. The common approach is to construct a series of metamodels based on a training set, and then, from these surrogates, pick out the best one with the highest accuracy as an approximation of the computationally intensive simulation. However, because the choice of approximate model depends on design of experiments (DOEs), the traditional strategy thus increases the risk of adopting an inappropriate model. Furthermore, in the design of complex product system, because of its feature of one-of-a-kind production, acquiring more samples is very expensive and intensively time-consuming, and sometimes even impossible. Therefore, in order to save sampling cost, it is a reasonable strategy to take full advantage of all the stand-alone surrogates and then combine them into an ensemble model. Ensemble technique is an effective way to make up for the shortfalls of traditional strategy. Motivated by the previous research on ensemble of surrogates, a new technique for constructing of a more accurate ensemble of surrogates is proposed in this paper. The weights are obtained using a recursive process, in which the values of these weights are updated in each iteration until the last ensemble achieves a desirable prediction accuracy. This technique has been evaluated using five benchmark problems and one reality problem. The results show that the proposed ensemble of surrogates with recursive arithmetic average provides more ideal prediction accuracy than the stand-alone surrogates and for most problems even exceeds the previously presented ensemble techniques. Finally, we should point out that the advantages of combination over selection are still difficult to illuminate. We are still using an “insurance policy” mode rather than offering significant improvements.     

跨站脚本攻击模式研究

文章对将包含XSS攻击代码的HTTP URLs单词集合分为两部分。按一定粒度分词,运用Apriori算法挖掘攻击模式字符串频繁项集,并在此基础上运用类似Apriori算法思想的PrioriMerge子串合并算法得到攻击模式并统计其频率,实验结果表明算法能有效地挖掘出XSS攻击模式。     

大型煤炭建工集团管理信息系统

介绍了中平能化建工集团管理信息系统的总体设计方案、网络及软件平台架构、子系统功能模块组成等。该系统采用智能客户端网络架构和万向接口平台技术,实现了建工企业的全部专用功能以及各个子系统之间的信息交互,使得各机构之间能够有效地协同运作。     

功率平衡技术在煤矿多机联动系统中的应用

介绍了功率平衡技术应用于多机联动系统中的工作原理,并给出了功率平衡技术在煤矿胶带运输系统中的应用情况。实践表明,在煤矿胶带运输系统中应用功率平衡技术可使主、从电动机电流随负载的波动而同步变化,有效降低了变频器因功率不平衡而导致的故障停车率。     

基于AUTOSAR架构的通信系统的研究与实现

AUTOSAR是汽车开放系统体系结构,已成为汽车电子软件的工业标准,在汽车电子控制器系统开发过程中具有重要地位,其中AUTOSAR COM通信规范为汽车电子通信系统的构建提供了依据和参考;介绍了AUTOSAR体系架构,对AUTOSAR COM规范基于信号的通信机制及其特有的传输模式切换系统进行了研究,并实现了一种基于AUTOSAR架构的通信系统,试验结果表明该系统能够提供基本通信服务,且符合AUTOSAR COM规范。     

DS-UWB通信系统MAC协议设计

在新加坡学者Peng-Yong Kong提出的CT-MAC协议研究的基础上,提出了一种修正的UWB通信系统MAC接入协议;算法针对DS-UWB通信物理层,修正了CT-MAC协议原有的最优冲突域计算方法,细化了协议流程;将修正的CT-MAC协议与IEEE802.11 DCF协议分别应用于同一个高速UWB通信系统,对MAC层性能进行仿真分析比较,仿真结果表明:由于CT-MAC协议的最优冲突域范围随带宽增大而减小,因而可保证网络具有更多的并发通信节点;相比较DCF协议,CT-MAC协议更适合DS-UWB通信系统。     

案例驱动的嵌入式系统教学改革探索

针对嵌入式系统课程教学中存在的问题,从"有用、有趣,建立学生自信"的指导思想出发,探索案例驱动的嵌入式系统教学改革,提出嵌入式系统教学案例的设计思路及注意问题。实践证明,案例驱动的嵌入式系统教学方法能够有效提高学生学习兴趣,化解课程教学难点,提高学生实践能力。     

高性能机群计算本科教学研究

针对目前高性能机群人才需求旺盛而高校对高性能机群计算知识普及不够的现状,以培养工程实践性机群系统管理人员为目标,阐述面向高校计算机专业本科生开设高性能机群计算课程的教学目标;并进行课程设计,包括教学内容及教材选取、课时安排以及教学方法设计。北京工业大学的教学实践表明,上述课程设计取得了较好的教学成效。