钻井液用MOF衍生物封堵-抑制剂的制备与性能

以六水合硝酸锌、2-甲基咪唑(GC)和乙二胺(EDA)为原料,通过原位功能化法制得MOF-乙二胺有机-无机杂化材料,继而与氮丙啶进行一锅法加聚反应,制得了结构外侧富含胺基官能团的纳米级MOF衍生物封堵-抑制剂。研究了该剂的封堵性能、抑制性能及与不同钻井液体系的配伍性。MOF衍生物封堵-抑制剂具有优异的封堵性能,可大幅降低基浆滤失量。6%的钠膨润土基浆在30 min时的总滤失量高达24 mL,而由3%钠土+3%封堵-抑制剂构成的土浆在30 min时的总滤失量仅4.4 mL,远低于基浆的。25%的膨润土在2%的封堵-抑制剂悬浊液中的动切力仅6.5 Pa,膨润土在2%封堵-抑制剂悬浊液中的最终膨胀高度较之在去离子水中降低了76%,泥页岩在2%封堵-抑制剂悬浊液中的滚动回收率达74.23%。以3%封堵-抑制剂取代3种钻井液体系原有的封堵剂与有机抑制剂后,钻井液老化前后的流变性能与API滤失量均维持了稳定,仅HTHP滤失量小幅上升,泥页岩在取代后钻井液中的滚动回收率略有上升。MOF衍生物封堵-抑制剂兼有良好的封堵性能、抑制性能与配伍性。图5表2参17     

ROLE OF HYDROGEN IN STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL IN BOILING MgCl_2 SOLUTION

321不锈钢在pH=1的42％MgCl_2沸腾溶液中长时间浸泡后,有32ppm的氢能进入试样,并导致29％的塑性损失,但并不能产生滞后断裂。在1NH_2SO_4溶液和沸腾(146℃)LiCl溶液中动态充氢表明,如进入试样的氢量低于某个临界值,则不会产生氢致开裂.熔盐动态充氢表明,只要进入试样的氢量超过临界值并能连续供氢,则无论是321钢还是310钢,即使在160℃也能产生氢致开裂.在LiCl溶液中阳极极化,则促进应力腐蚀;阴极极化,当电流低于临界值时则能抑制应力腐蚀,如高于临界值则导致氢致开裂,321钢和310钢的动态充氢(室温或160℃)门槛值均高于应力腐蚀门槛值,断口形貌也不同。     

实验室技术能力综合评价方法初步探讨

目的 探讨实验室技术能力综合量化分析评价方法.方法 利用国家食品安全风险评估中心组织的3次食品中重金属分析考核结果,比较了Z比分数方法、点分数法和组合分数法对考核的综合量化分析结果.结果 Z比分数法得到的5个考核目标物的满意率分别为78.1％、93.8％、81.2％、90.6％和93.8％;点分数法评价3次考核的满意率分别为75％、71.9％、90.6％;组合分数法评价3次考核各实验室综合表现满意率为81.2％.结论 3种不同评价方法各有侧重,适合于不同目的的结果分析.Z比分数法适用于单一因素分析能力评价;点分数法适用于一次多个因素分析能力综合性评价;组合分数法适用于实验室历次考核结果综合能力分析.     

Genome-Wide Comparative Analysis of the R2R3-MYB Gene Family in Five Solanaceae Species and Identification of Members Regulating Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Wolfberry

The R2R3-MYB is a large gene family involved in various plant functions, including carotenoid biosynthesis. However, this gene family lacks a comprehensive analysis in wolfberry (Lycium barbarum L.) and other Solanaceae species. The recent sequencing of the wolfberry genome provides an opportunity for investigating the organization and evolutionary characteristics of R2R3-MYB genes in wolfberry and other Solanaceae species. A total of 610 R2R3-MYB genes were identified in five Solanaceae species, including 137 in wolfberry. The LbaR2R3-MYB genes were grouped into 31 subgroups based on phylogenetic analysis, conserved gene structures, and motif composition. Five groups only of Solanaceae R2R3-MYB genes were functionally divergent during evolution. Dispersed and whole duplication events are critical for expanding the R2R3-MYB gene family. There were 287 orthologous gene pairs between wolfberry and the other four selected Solanaceae species. RNA-seq analysis identified the expression level of LbaR2R3-MYB differential gene expression (DEGs) and carotenoid biosynthesis genes (CBGs) in fruit development stages. The highly expressed LbaR2R3-MYB genes are co-expressed with CBGs during fruit development. A quantitative Real-Time (qRT)-PCR verified seven selected candidate genes. Thus, Lba11g0183 and Lba02g01219 are candidate genes regulating carotenoid biosynthesis in wolfberry. This study elucidates the evolution and function of R2R3-MYB genes in wolfberry and the four Solanaceae species.     

Integration of coal pyrolysis process with iron ore reduction:Reduction behaviors of iron ore with benzene-containing coal pyrolysis gas as a reducing agent☆

An integrated coal pyrolysis process with iron ore reduction is proposed in this article. As the first step, iron oxide reduction is studied in a fixed bed reactor using simulated coal pyrolysis gas with benzene as a model tar compound. Variables such as reduction temperature, reduction time and benzene concentration are studied. The carbon deposition of benzene results in the retarded iron reduction at low temperatures. At high temperatures over800 °C, the presence of benzene in the gas can promote iron reduction. The metallization can reach up to 99% in20 min at 900 °C in the presence of benzene. Significant increases of hydrogen and CO/CO2 ratio are observed in the gas. It is indicated that iron reduction is accompanied by the reforming and decomposition of benzene. The degree of metallization and reduction increases with the increasing benzene concentration. Iron oxide can nearly completely be converted into cementite with benzene present in the gas under the experimental conditions. No sintering is found in the reduced sample with benzene in the gas.     

Comparison of absorption efficiency of three hydrogen sulfide absorbents and optimization of absorption conditions of potassium iodate system

Hydrogen sulfide is corrosive and toxic, and the use of absorbents to absorb hydrogen sulfide gas is an important desulfurization treatment. The absorption efficiency of different absorbent is different. The absorption efficiency of three different hydrogen sulfide absorbent, namely ferric chloride system, potassium iodate system and alkaline potassium ferricyanide system, was firstly compared. Based on this, the absorption parameters of potassium iodate system were optimized, and the effects of concentration, temperature, pH, gas flow rate and time on the hydrogen sulfide gas absorption efficiency were discussed. The optimum absorption conditions were obtained by orthogonal test: temperature 55℃, pH 6.01, H₂S flow rate 0.3 L·min^-1, absorption time 1 min, the third-order absorption efficiency of 8%(mass) potassium iodate is 51.56%. The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the absorption of hydrogen sulfide and support for the study of indirect electrolysis process.     

航空自导深弹攻潜效能模型与仿真

文中依据航空自导深弹的战术技术性能,给出了反潜直升机使用航空自导深弹攻潜模型,采用蒙特卡洛法通过计算机仿真,得出了反潜直升机空投航空自导深弹的攻潜效能,并通过仿真结果分析提出了直升机最优的攻潜方法.     

智能火炮武器系统研究综述

智能化是未来火炮武器系统的发展趋势。根据未来战场智能化装备的需求及国外智能火炮武器的发展现状,给出了智能火炮武器系统的定义,分析了以OODA循环为模型的火炮武器系统智能化内涵,总结提炼了以认知为基础、有中心及无中心智能协同、资源池能力柔性重组、算法和算力等智能火炮的主要特征。构建了以智能感知、智能决策、智能控制、智能反馈为环节的智能火炮武器的系统架构,探讨了关键环节的智能化应用模块。最后阐述了火炮武器系统智能化所涉及的关键技术,为火炮武器的智能化技术发展提供了借鉴。     

基于查找表和CORDIC 算法的混合型NCO 设计

针对常用的在FPGA上实现NCO的查找表法和CORDIC算法存在的不足,提出一种基于查找表和CORDIC算法相结合的NCO实现方法。对查找表法、CORDIC算法以及查找表和CORDIC算法相结合方法的实现原理进行设计,并分别对3种不同实现方式进行仿真和对比分析。结果表明:用查找法和CORDIC算法相结合的方法实现的NCO能很好地平衡FPGA上存储器资源和逻辑资源的消耗,并在产生信号的精度、速度、纯度方面也有很好的兼顾。     

自导鱼雷区域射击法研究

针对如何有效打击只能确定初始位置及运动方向的匀速直航潜艇，提出了自导鱼雷对匀速直航潜艇射击的区域射击法，即采用与匀速直航潜艇运动方向相同的固定提前角进行射击，建立了鱼雷与潜艇的区域射击法对抗模型，通过实例计算分析了固定提前角的确定方法，验证了区域射击法对中近距离上向固定方向运动的匀速直航敌潜艇对抗的有效性。仿真结果表明，在500～4000m距离内，对向固定方向运动且速度小于20kn的潜艇，采用7^o～15^o的固定提前角射击，对潜艇的命中概率可达到0．8。