Biomimetic Modification of Water-Borne Polymer Coating with Carnauba Wax for Controlled Release of Urea

Benefitting from the special structure of the leaf cuticle layer, plants have natural hydrophobicity and anti-fouling abilities. Inspired by the leaf surface structure, a biomimetic modification strategy was raised to improve the surface hydrophobicity of polyacrylate coating for controlled release fertilizer. Double-layer (polyacrylate and carnauba wax) coated fertilizer was obtained after biomimetic modification. The quality of controlled release fertilizer modified with the carnauba wax was greatly enhanced, and the coating material was effectively saved. The surface appearance of polyacrylate-coated fertilizer was improved for the surface blemish was repaired by the loaded carnauba wax. The characterizations by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that the hydrogen bonds were formed between the water-based polyacrylate membrane and the carnauba wax layers. By optimizing the content of polyacrylate and carnauba wax, the release duration of the fertilizer was effectively prolonged, which was improved from 1 month to more than 2 months after the biomimetic modification. Therefore, biological wax as an environmentally-friendly natural material that has showed a broad potential in the application of coated controlled release fertilizer.     

Transient simulation and analysis of the simultaneous load rejection process in pumped storage power stations using a 1-D-3-D coupling method

The load rejection imposes a danger in the pumped storage hydropower plants (PSPs),especially when two or more pump turbines reject their loads simultaneously.I...     

Reprogramming Metabolism of Macrophages as a Target for Kidney Dysfunction Treatment in Autoimmune Diseases

Chronic kidney disease (CKD), as one of the main complications of many autoimmune diseases, is difficult to cure, which places a huge burden on patients’ health and the economy and poses a great threat to human health. At present, the mainstream view is that autoimmune diseases are a series of diseases and complications caused by immune cell dysfunction leading to the attack of an organism’s tissues by its immune cells. The kidney is the organ most seriously affected by autoimmune diseases as it has a very close relationship with immune cells. With the development of an in-depth understanding of cell metabolism in recent years, an increasing number of scientists have discovered the metabolic changes in immune cells in the process of disease development, and we have a clearer understanding of the characteristics of the metabolic changes in immune cells. This suggests that the regulation of immune cell metabolism provides a new direction for the treatment and prevention of kidney damage caused by autoimmune diseases. Macrophages are important immune cells and are a double-edged sword in the repair process of kidney injury. Although they can repair damaged kidney tissue, over-repair will also lead to the loss of renal structural reconstruction function. In this review, from the perspective of metabolism, the metabolic characteristics of macrophages in the process of renal injury induced by autoimmune diseases are described, and the metabolites that can regulate the function of macrophages are summarized. We believe that treating macrophage metabolism as a target can provide new ideas for the treatment of the renal injury caused by autoimmune diseases.     

Fixed-time sliding mode control based plant/controller co-design of dual-motor driving system

A fixed-time sliding mode controller based plant/controller co-design scheme is developed for dual-motor driving systems. The proposed controller is fixed-time stable subject to unknown disturbances which guarantees the robustness of the proposed control scheme and a less conservative solution can be ensured by comparing with the conventional fixed-time convergence technique. Due to the existence of couplings between the plant and the controller, traditional design procedures in which the plant and the controller are designed sequentially and separately cannot guarantee the overall optimum of control systems. A co-design scheme based on the nested optimisation strategy is developed in this paper. With the nested optimisation strategy, the co-design solution can be achieved efficiently and reliably. A combined cost function considering both the plant and the controller is developed so that the largest load can be achieved without degrading the control performance. The fixed-time convergent controller is employed and considered into the co-design scheme. The gravitational search algorithm is adopted to optimise controller parameters in the co-design scheme. With the presented co-design method, the largest load of the studied system can be achieved with the satisfactory control performance. Contrastive Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller and co-design scheme.     

星环形计算机局域网的性能研究

本文结合星形(Star)和环形(Ring)拓扑结构,提出了一种全新的LAN(Local Area Network)结构——星环形LAN.它以较低廉的代价在网络的几个主要性能指标上获得较大的提高.本文论述了星环形LAN(StarRing LAN)的设计思想和各性能指标的研究结果.     

PDA用于注射液中微粒检测的研究

本文以激光相位多普勒（ＰＤＡ）技术为基础,利用ＰＤＡ信号探测器及高速信号的处理系统,实现了注射液中不溶性微粒的尺寸分布检测,对ＰＤＡ技术的实用化研究进行了有益的探索。     

VB和MATLAB混合编程的实现与应用

充分利用MATLAB强大的运算及显示功能和VB开发界面友好的特点，将二者有机结合，同时通过中间数据库对MATLAB程序的运算结果进行保存。可以开发出复杂的，界面友好且易于维护的人机交互处理软件。文中以实例说明了如何通过VB实现对MATLAB程序运算结果的调用。     

数—模综合仿真接口算法分析

针对微电网的推广应用还面临着诸多技术难题的问题,将电力系统数字仿真与物理模拟各自的优点与不足结合起来,充分发挥各自优势便可形成数模综合仿真模型,该模型将在微电网技术研究中发挥重大的作用。数模综合仿真接口是数模综合仿真系统的核心部件,而接口算法的选取是数模综合仿真接口设计的基础。在总结现有算法的基础上重点分析了理想变压器模型的稳定性,提出加强稳定性的有效措施及不稳定情况的处理方案。最后,通过算例仿真验证了各措施的有效性。     

自动送粉激光熔覆装置及工艺研究

研制了一种工作稳定性好、粉末流量连续可调的自动送粉装置。经A_3钢表面激光熔覆WF-150不锈钢合金粉末的研究表明,所获得的激光熔覆层均匀连续、无宏观气孔和裂纹,粉末利用率高达94％。     

Cytokinin Confers Brown Planthopper Resistance by Elevating Jasmonic Acid Pathway in Rice

Plants have evolved a sophisticated defense system that employs various hormone pathways to defend against attacks by insect pests. Cytokinin (CK) plays an important role in plant growth and stress tolerance, but the role of CKs in plant–insect interaction remains largely unclear. Here, we report that CKs act as a positive regulator in rice resistance against brown planthopper (BPH), a devastating insect pest of rice. We found that BPH feeding promotes CK biosynthesis and signaling in rice. Exogenous application of CKs significantly increased the rice resistance to BPH. Increasing endogenous CKs by knocking out cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (OsCKXs) led to enhanced resistance to BPH. Moreover, the levels of the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and the expression of JA-responsive genes were elevated by CK treatment and in OsCKXs knockout plants. Furthermore, JA-deficient mutant og1 was more susceptible to BPH, and CK-induced BPH resistance was suppressed in og1. These results indicate that CK-mediated BPH resistance is JA-dependent. Our findings provide the direct evidence for the novel role of CK in promoting insect resistance, and demonstrate that CK-induced insect resistance is JA-dependent. These results provide important guidance for effective pest management strategies in the future.