Genome-Wide Identification of TaSAUR Gene Family Members in Hexaploid Wheat and Functional Characterization of TaSAUR66-5B in Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Excessive input of nitrogen fertilizer not only causes a great waste of resources but brings about a series of ecological and environmental problems. Although Small Auxin Up-regulated RNAs (SAURs) participate in diverse biological processes, the function of SAURs in the nitrogen starvation response has not been well-studied. Here, we identified 308 TaSAURs in wheat and divided them into 10 subfamilies. The promoter regions of most TaSAURs contain hormone responsive elements, and their expression levels change under the treatment of different hormones, such as IAA, MeJA, and ABA. Interestingly, overexpression of one of the TaSAUR family members, a nitrogen starvation responsive gene, TaSAUR66-5B, can promote the growth of Arabidopsis and wheat roots. In addition, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in Arabidopsis up-regulates the expression levels of auxin biosynthesis related genes, suggesting that overexpression TaSAUR66-5B may promote root growth by increasing the biosynthesis of auxin. Furthermore, overexpression of TaSAUR66-5B in wheat can increase the biomass and grain yields of transgenic plants, as well as the nitrogen concentration and accumulation of both shoots and grains, especially under low nitrogen conditions. This study provides important genomic information of the TaSAUR gene family and lays a foundation for elucidating the functions of TaSAURs in improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in wheat.     

On the Role of Boron in CdTe and CdZnTe Crystals

It is well known that group III elements act as donors if they play a substitutional role at the metallic site in II-tellurides; nevertheless, several studies report both on the creation of complexes with vacancies, named A-centers, and on the involvement in self-compensation mechanisms, especially for indium. The boron concentration in II-tellurides is negligible, and its contribution to transport mechanisms has not been studied yet. For the last few years the authors have been developing a new technique to grow CdZnTe by the vertical Bridgman technique, taking advantage of encapsulation by means of boron oxide. In this way, crystals characterized by large single grains, low etch pit density, and high resistivity have been obtained. Recently, x-ray detectors with state-of-the-art performance have been produced from such crystals. Boron contamination, as a consequence of this growth method, is quite low but at least one order of magnitude above values obtained with other growth techniques. Besides being a low-cost technique which is also suitable for large-scale mass production, the encapsulated vertical Bridgman technique is quite useful to prevent dislocations, grain boundaries, and stacking faults; for these reasons, careful characterization was performed to understand the effect of boron both on the electrical properties and on the spectroscopic performance of the final crystals. Our characterization is mainly based on low-temperature photoluminescence in addition to electrical current–voltage measurements, photostimulated current, and x-ray spectroscopy. The results indicate that boron behaves like other group III elements; in fact, boron forms a complex that does not affect the good performance of our x-ray detectors, even if it shows some properties which are typical of A-centers.     

频率覆盖3.2～6.1 GHz的CMOS LC VCO

通过提高MIM电容的调整范围,实现了一个覆盖3.2～6.1 GHz的CMOS LC VCO.该VCO使用0.18μm射频CMOS工艺制作,芯片面积约为1260μm×670μm.当输出5.5GHz时,VCO内核消耗功率为17.5mW;在100kHz频偏处的相位噪声是～101.67dBc/Hz.     

ElGamal类型数字签名方案的安全性研究

给出了攻击ElGamal类型数字签名方案的一种方法,揭示了签名所需时间与随机参数k取值之间的关系,指出当k值较小时,此类签名方案是不安全的。     

HYBRID INTERNET TRAFFIC CLASSIFICATION TECHNIQUE1

Accurate and real-time classification of network traffic is significant to network operation and management such as QoS differentiation, traffic shaping and security surveillance. However, with many newly emerged P2P applications using dynamic port numbers, masquerading techniques, and payload encryption to avoid detection, traditional classification approaches turn to be ineffective. In this paper, we present a layered hybrid system to classify current Internet traffic, motivated by variety of network activities and their requirements of traffic classification. The proposed method could achieve fast and accurate traffic classification with low overheads and robustness to accommodate both known and unknown/encrypted applications. Furthermore, it is feasible to be used in the context of real-time traffic classification. Our experimental results show the distinct advantages of the proposed classification system, compared with the one-step Machine Learning (ML) approach.     

Spectrum Determination of Terahertz Sources Using Fabry-Perot Interferometer and Bolometer Detector

We describe a method to determine the radiation spectrum of terahertz sources using a transmitted Fabry-Perot interferometer and a bolometer detector. Our novel Fabry-Perot spectrometer can measure the spectrum of an unknown broadband sub-terahertz and terahertz source. The spectrometer does not need to be pre-tuned. We develop a new algorithm to support the measurements using this spectrometer. Our technique allows us to measure the spectrum over more than an octave, and our numerical algorithm is very stable and robust, providing for an accurate spectrum determination. Two Gunn oscillation sources with the main frequencies at 200 GHz and 600 GHz are used to test the proposed method. The spectrum extracted from the measured data shows that this method is accurate and reliable.     

液晶显示器用偏光片

从偏光片的工作原理和基本结构入手,介绍了组成偏光片的各种膜层的功能与研究现状,以及偏光片的研究发展动向.对偏光片的研究与产业发展提出了几点建议.     

Autonomous Self-Sustained Liquid Crystal Actuators Enabling Active Photonic Applications

Advances in biomimicry have led to the rise of advanced robotics, posing promising revolutions across a variety of fields. Programmable self-sustained actuation in nature, such as human's heart beating, bird's wingbeats, and penguin's waddling, are intriguing and inspiring but challenging for device innovation, which hinders the emergence of autonomous self-feedback applications, especially in optics and photonics. Herein, the design, fabrication, and operation of crosslinked liquid crystal actuators are described that combine the programming of microstructures and the engineering of macroscopic shape morphing for active optics and photonics. The actuators consist of twisted nematic liquid crystal molecules with both elastic and optical anisotropies, resulting in large bending deformations in response to heat. Programmable bending motions and self-sustained waddling oscillations are demonstrated, further contributing to the achievements of dynamic 2D beam steering and self-sustained light field modulation. It is envisioned that these actuators with self-sustained performances without requiring turning the stimulus on-off will find applications in autonomous active optical systems, photonic applications, as well as self-governing robotics with the core feature of thermo-mechanical-optical transduction.     

模块化多电平换流器的技术研究综述

随着电力电子器件的发展,电压源换流器(VSC)广泛应用于高压直流输电领域。与传统的两电平或三电平VSC相比,模块化多电平换流器(MMC)具有电压等级控制灵活、谐波含量少、开关损耗低等特点,因此受到了科研工作者的广泛关注。本文从MMC的工作原理、调制策略以及电容电压均衡策略等方面综述了目前MMC的研究现状,并对其应用前景以及存在的问题作出了展望。