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41.
A novel series of temperature‐sensitive poly[(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐co‐(ethyl methacrylate)] (p(NIPAM‐co‐EMA)) microgels was prepared by the surfactant‐free radical polymerization of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) with ethyl methacrylate (EMA). The shape, size dispersity and volume‐phase transition behavior of the microgels were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The transmission electron micrographs and DLS results showed that microgels with narrow distributions were prepared. It was shown from UV–Vis, DLS and DSC measurements that the volume‐phase transition temperature (VPTT) of the p(NIPAM‐co‐EMA) microgels decreased with increasing incorporation of EMA, but the temperature‐sensitivity was impaired when more EMA was incorporated, causing the volume‐phase transition of the microgels to become more continuous. It is noteworthy that incorporation of moderate amounts of EMA could not only lower the VPTT but also enhance the temperature‐sensitivity of the microgels. The reason for this phenomenon could be attributed to changes in the complicated interactions between the various molecules. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
42.
43.
Ying Ding Chunqing Wang Yanhong Tian Binbin Zhang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(12):1017-1025
in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tensile tests on as-cast and aged 63Sn37Pb solder alloys were conducted, and the fracture
behavior in nanometer scale ahead of the crack tip was inspected and discussed. Results show that the fracture was completed
by connecting the discontinuous cracks or voids. Dislocation behavior was concentrated along the grain boundaries for as-cast
samples, and displayed mainly as dislocation climb. The crack was intergranular dominated under the lower strain rate. While
remarkable mutual dislocation emission was detected in the aged solder. Transgranular cracks were dominant in the fractured
area, and they propagated by linking up with the nanometer scale cracks ahead of the crack tips under the effective promotion
of the inverse dislocation emission. At the same time, the partial interphase or intergranular cracks in the thinned area
were also found. Under this condition, a new critical stress intensity factor K
c
′ to define the mutual dislocation emission was proposed. 相似文献
44.
Microstructure evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy during equal channel angular extrusion 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Li Yuanyuan Zhang Datong Chen Weiping Liu Ying Guo Guowen 《Journal of Materials Science》2004,39(11):3759-3761
45.
46.
Xue‐Bing Zhao Lei Wang De‐Hua Liu 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(6):950-956
Previous work has shown that the enzymatic hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse could be greatly enhanced by peracetic acid (PAA) pretreatment. There are several factors affecting the enzymatic digestibility of the biomass, including lignin and hemicelluloses content, cellulose crystallinity, acetyl group content, accessible surface area and so on. The objective of this work is to analyze the mechanism of the enhancement of enzymatic digestibility caused by PAA pretreatment. Delignification resulted in an increase of the surface area and reduction of the irreversible absorption of cellulase, which helped to increase the enzymatic digestibility. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum showed that the absorption peaks of aromatic skeletal vibrations were weakened or disappeared after PAA pretreatment. However, the infrared crystallization index (N.O'KI) was increased. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicated that the crystallinity of PAA‐treated samples was increased owing to the partial removal of amorphous lignin and hemicelluloses and probable physical change of cellulose. The effect of acetyl group content on enzymatic digestibility is negligible compared with the degree of delignification and crystallinity. The results indicate that enhancement of enzymatic digestibility of sugarcane bagasse by PAA pretreatment is achieved mainly by delignification and an increase in the surface area and exposure of cellulose fibers. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
47.
印染废水处理工艺研究及实例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文简要介绍了印染废水水质特征,提出了处理工艺,并利用两个工程实例说明了该工艺的可行性. 相似文献
48.
49.
Shi Wei Zhao Xuefeng Ma Conghui Management of the National Development Reform Commission 《中国通信》2008,(3)
After the new round of restructuring of Chinese telecom sector,it's pressing to formulate and implement asymmetric regulation policies so as to shape an effectively competitive market structure in a relatively short term.This paper reviewed the asymmetric regulation policies and practices carried out in foreign telecom market,and then according to the specific situations of Chinese telecom market,proposed the principles and corresponding policies for establishing an asymmetric regulation system fit for Chin... 相似文献
50.